Circulatory System PDF

The Circulatory System  human Circulatory System Circulatory System Also known as the internal transport system. It is made up of the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system. Functions: 1. It transports nutrients and oxygen to various cells all over the body. 2. I...

The Circulatory System  human Circulatory System Circulatory System Also known as the internal transport system. It is made up of the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system. Functions: 1. It transports nutrients and oxygen to various cells all over the body. 2. It collects wastes and transports them to respective organs where they would be excreted. Functions: 3. It helps maintain fluid balance and normal body temperature. 4. It acts as defense against harmful bacteria that may cause diseases. William harvey The blood throughout the body circulates in a definite path and is not surging back and forth.  HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM BLOOD VESSELS HEART BLOOD ARTERIES VEINS CAPILLARIES BLOOD CELLS PLASMA RED BLOOD WHITE BLOOD CELLS CELLS PLATELETS (Erythrocytes) (Leukocytes) thrombocytes BLOOD VESSELS - serves as the highway where blood flows. Types: 1. Arteries 2. Veins 3. Capillaries  VEINS ARTERY carries blood towards the carries blood heart away from the heart CAPILLARIES enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues  BLOOD A fluid that transports oxygen and nourishment to the body cells and aids in the excretion of carbon dioxide and waste products from the body. It helps maintain body temperature and body pH. Blood Components: 1. Blood Cells a. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) - Carry oxygen to the tissue - The red color is produced by hemoglobin. - Hemoglobin is a kind of protein rich in iron that carries oxygen throughout the body. - RBC are created in the bone marrow. b. White blood cells (leukocytes) - Fight infections - Larger than RBC but are fewer in number. - Formed in the bone marrow and lymph vessels. Blood Components: c. Platelets (thrombocytes) - aid in blood clotting. - A tiny, disc-shaped piece of cell that is found in the blood and spleen. - When you have a low platelet count, you may have trouble stopping bleeding. 2. Plasma - It is the liquid component of the blood. - About 55% of our blood is plasma and it is composed of about 92% water. - Plasma carries water, salts, and enzymes. The main role of plasma is to take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it.  HEART A muscular organ that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels to our body.  Main Components of the Heart Blood Vessels Chambers Valves These tubes conduct and These are muscular Are flaps that help prevent direct the flow of blood compartments which the backflow of blood towards and away from contract to pump blood. through the heart in order the heart. to keep in moving in one direction.  Chambers of the Heart The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The left atrium receives The right atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the oxygen-poor blood from lungs and pumps it to the the body and pumps it to left ventricle. the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps The left ventricle pumps the the oxygen-poor blood to the oxygen-rich blood to the body. lungs.  Major Blood Vessels of the Heart This large vein brings deoxygenated blood from the head, neck, arm, and Largest artery in the body chest regions of the body to the right atrium. Delivers deoxygenated blood to the respective lung. It supplies blood to the heart. They make it possible for your heart to beat and pump blood Delivers oxygenated blood to throughout your body. the left ventricle which will distribute it to the body. This vein brings deoxygenated blood from the lower body regions (legs, back, abdomen and pelvis) to the right atrium. Valves of the Heart The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. These valves are actual flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles (lower chambers of the heart).  Valves of the heart Atrioventricular Valves Tricuspid Valve – located between the right atrium and right ventricle. (Bicuspid) Mitral Valve – located between the left atrium and left ventricle. Semilunar Valves Pulmonary Valve – located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Aortic Valve – located between the left ventricle and the aorta. Circulation of Blood Through the Heart  CIRCULATION The movement of blood through the vessels of the body that is induced by the pumping action of the heart and serves to distribute nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body and remove waste products as well.  Types of Circulation 1. Pulmonary circulation This part of the cycle carries oxygen- depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart. 2. Systemic circulation This is the part that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart and to other parts of the body. 3. Coronary circulation This type of circulation provides the heart with oxygenated blood so it can function properly.  TYPES OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 1.Open Circulatory System – the circulating fluid (hemolymph) is not enclosed in a tube or vessel. 2.Close Circulatory System – the blood is confined in blood. vessels.  Types of Circulatory System OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Blood is pumped by heart directly in body cavities. Interstitial fluid – fluid which flow in body cavities (spaces). In this type of circulatory system the blood bathes the internal organs. Normally observed among invertebrates such as crustaceans, insects, arthropods, and mollusks. Interstitial fluid – fluid which flow in body cavities (spaces).  CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Blood that is kept in blood vessels of different sizes and wall thickness; hence, the blood does not mix with the interstitial fluid. The heart pumps the blood into different vessels reaching the different internal organs, and it does not fill the body cavities. Observed among vertebrates and few invertebrates such as earthworms, squids and octopuses. Types of Circulatory System