The Circulatory System Quiz

Overview of the Circulatory System

• Internal transport system comprised of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.
• Transports nutrients and oxygen to cells, and collects wastes for excretion.
• Maintains fluid balance and regulates body temperature.
• Acts as a defense mechanism against harmful bacteria and diseases.

Blood Circulation

• Blood circulates in a definite path, established by William Harvey, preventing backflow.

Blood Vessels

• Three main types:
  • Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart.
  • Veins: Transport blood towards the heart.
  • Capillaries: Facilitate exchange of water and chemicals between blood and tissues.

Blood Composition

• Blood Cells:

  • Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes):

    • Transport oxygen to tissues.
    • Red color due to hemoglobin, a protein rich in iron.
    • Produced in bone marrow.

  • White Blood Cells (Leukocytes):

    • Function in fighting infections.
    • Larger than RBCs but fewer in number; formed in bone marrow and lymph vessels.

  • Platelets (Thrombocytes):

    • Involved in blood clotting.
    • Small disc-shaped cells; low platelet count can result in excessive bleeding.

• Plasma:

  • Liquid component making up about 55% of blood, consisting of roughly 92% water.
  • Carries nutrients, hormones, and proteins throughout the body.

Heart Structure and Function

• Muscular Organ: Pumps blood throughout the blood vessels.
• Components include:
  • Blood Vessels: Conduct and direct blood flow.
  • Chambers: Four chambers (two atria, two ventricles) that contract to pump blood.
  • Valves: Prevent backflow ensuring unidirectional blood flow.

Chambers of the Heart

• Right Atrium: Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body.
• Right Ventricle: Pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
• Left Atrium: Receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
• Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body.

Major Blood Vessels of the Heart

• Superior Vena Cava: Brings deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium.
• Inferior Vena Cava: Delivers deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium.
• Pulmonary Arteries: Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
• Aorta: Largest artery, distributes oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.

Valves of the Heart

• Flaps that prevent backflow of blood, ensuring continuous circulation in one direction.

Overview of the Circulatory System

• Internal transport system comprised of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.
• Transports nutrients and oxygen to cells, and collects wastes for excretion.
• Maintains fluid balance and regulates body temperature.
• Acts as a defense mechanism against harmful bacteria and diseases.

Blood Circulation

• Blood circulates in a definite path, established by William Harvey, preventing backflow.

Blood Vessels

• Three main types:
  • Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart.
  • Veins: Transport blood towards the heart.
  • Capillaries: Facilitate exchange of water and chemicals between blood and tissues.

Blood Composition

• Blood Cells:

  • Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes):

    • Transport oxygen to tissues.
    • Red color due to hemoglobin, a protein rich in iron.
    • Produced in bone marrow.

  • White Blood Cells (Leukocytes):

    • Function in fighting infections.
    • Larger than RBCs but fewer in number; formed in bone marrow and lymph vessels.

  • Platelets (Thrombocytes):

    • Involved in blood clotting.
    • Small disc-shaped cells; low platelet count can result in excessive bleeding.

• Plasma:

  • Liquid component making up about 55% of blood, consisting of roughly 92% water.
  • Carries nutrients, hormones, and proteins throughout the body.

Heart Structure and Function

• Muscular Organ: Pumps blood throughout the blood vessels.
• Components include:
  • Blood Vessels: Conduct and direct blood flow.
  • Chambers: Four chambers (two atria, two ventricles) that contract to pump blood.
  • Valves: Prevent backflow ensuring unidirectional blood flow.

Chambers of the Heart

• Right Atrium: Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body.
• Right Ventricle: Pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
• Left Atrium: Receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
• Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body.

Major Blood Vessels of the Heart

• Superior Vena Cava: Brings deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium.
• Inferior Vena Cava: Delivers deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium.
• Pulmonary Arteries: Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
• Aorta: Largest artery, distributes oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.

Valves of the Heart

• Flaps that prevent backflow of blood, ensuring continuous circulation in one direction.