circulatory system 2020 - questions.pdf

circulatory system 2020 First and last name Question 1/53 What is the circulatory system composed of? A. The heart and blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. Question 2/53 How many circulatory systems does the body have? A...

circulatory system 2020 First and last name Question 1/53 What is the circulatory system composed of? A. The heart and blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. Question 2/53 How many circulatory systems does the body have? A. Two Question 3/53 What are the two circulatory systems in the body? A. Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation Question 4/53 What are the three types of blood vessels? A. Arteries, veins, and capillaries Question 5/53 What is the function of arteries? A. Carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body Question 6/53 What is the function of veins? A. Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart Question 7/53 What is the function of capillaries? A. Connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins and allow them to exchange compounds with surrounding tissues Question 8/53 What is the main function of the heart? A. To propel blood throughout the body Question 9/53 Where is the heart located? A. Under the rib cage, 2/3 of it is to the left of the breastbone (sternum), and between the lungs and above the diaphragm Question 10/53 How many chambers does the heart have? A. Four 1  circulatory system 2020 Question 11/53 What are the names of the four chambers of the heart? A. Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle Question 12/53 What is the function of the atria? A. Act as receiving chambers for blood Question 13/53 What is the function of the ventricles? A. Send blood out of the heart Question 14/53 What is the septum of the heart? A. The dividing wall between the right and left sides of the heart Question 15/53 What are the two portions of the septum? A. Atrial (or interatrial) septum and ventricular (or interventricular) septum Question 16/53 What is the function of the interventricular septum? A. Separates the two ventricles Question 17/53 How many heart valves are there? A. Four Question 18/53 What are the names of the two atrioventricular (AV) valves? A. Tricuspid valve and mitral valve Question 19/53 What are the names of the two semilunar valves? A. Pulmonary valve and aortic valve Question 20/53 What is the septum of the heart? A. The dividing wall between the right and left sides of the heart. Question 21/53 What are the two portions of the septum? A. The atrial (or interatrial) septum that separates the two upper chambers (the right and left atria) of the heart. B. The ventricular (or interventricular) septum that lies between the two lower chambers (the right and left ventricles) of the heart. 2  circulatory system 2020 Question 22/53 What is the interventricular septum? A. The portion of the septum that separates the two ventricles. Question 23/53 What are the two parts of the interventricular septum? A. The muscular interventricular septum, which is the lower and much larger part of the interventricular septum and is composed of muscle of similar thickness to that of the left ventricular free wall. B. The membranous interventricular septum, which forms a portion of the right atrial wall. Question 24/53 What are the four valves of the heart? A. The right-sided tricuspid valve, which regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle (deoxygenated blood). B. The left-sided mitral valve, which lets oxygen-rich blood from the lungs pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle. C. The pulmonary valve, which controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen. D. The aortic valve, which opens the way for oxygen-rich blood to pass from the left ventricle into the aorta, the body’s largest artery. Question 25/53 What is the pericardium? A. A type of serous membrane that produces serous fluid to lubricate the heart and prevent friction between the ever beating heart and its surrounding organs. Question 26/53 What are the two layers of the pericardium? A. A visceral layer that covers the outside of the heart and a parietal layer that forms a sac around the outside of the pericardial cavity. Question 27/53 What are the three layers of tissue that make up the wall of the heart? A. Endocardium (inner layer) — lines the inside of the heart and protects the valves and chambers. B. Myocardium (middle layer) — the muscles of the heart. C. Epicardium (outer layer)—it is also known as visceral pericardium as it forms the inner layer of the pericardium. It is protective layer mostly made of connective tissue. Question 28/53 What is the normal heart rate and rhythm? A. 60-100 beats/minute & the heart rhythm is regular. Question 29/53 What is the sino-atrial node (SAN)? A. The normal pace-maker of the heart, situated in the upper part of right atrium anterior to superior vena cava. 3  circulatory system 2020 Question 30/53 What is the function of the atrio-ventricular node (AVN)? A. Impulses pass from atria to ventricles through the AVN in which there is delay of contraction to allow atria to contract before ventricles. Question 31/53 What is the normal heart rate and rhythm? A. 60-100 beats/minute and regular rhythm Question 32/53 What is the sino-atrial node (SAN)? A. The normal pacemaker of the heart B. Situated in the upper part of right atrium anterior to superior vena cava C. Sympathetic stimulation accelerates while parasympathetic (vagal) stimulation slows the SAN D. The impulses spread from the SAN to stimulate both atria causing atrial contraction (represented by P wave) Question 33/53 What is the atrio-ventricular node (AVN)? A. Impulses pass from atria to ventricles through the AVN in which there is delay of contraction to allow atria to contract before ventricles B. Sympathetic stimulation accelerates while vagal stimulation slows the conduction in AVN C. The passage of impulses from the atria to the ventricles is represented by P-R interval D. Normally the AVN allows passage of impulses from the atria to the ventricles but not the reverse (i.e. no retrograde conduction) Question 34/53 What is the conductive system of the heart? A. Sinoatrial node B. Atrioventricular node (AVN) C. Bundle of His (atrioventricular (AV) bundle) D. Right & left bundle branches E. Purkinje fibers F. All of the above Question 35/53 What is the normal cardiac rhythm? A. Electrical impulses that begin in a special group of cells that form the sinoatrial node (SAN), which is located in the right atrium B. Impulses spread from the sinus node to the right and left atria causing them to contract at the same time C. The impulses then travel to the atrioventricular node (AVN) to the Bundle of His (AV Bundle) D. From the AV Bundle, the impulses travel through conducting system (located in the septum), this conducting system splits to form the right and left bundle branches which split to the purkinje fibres Question 36/53 How does the heart work on the right side? A. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through veins called the superior and inferior vena cava (the largest veins in the body) B. The right atrium contracts and blood passes to the right ventricle C. Once the right ventricle is full, it contracts and pumps the blood through to the lungs via the pulmonary artery, where it picks up oxygen and offloads carbon dioxide 4  circulatory system 2020 Question 37/53 How does the heart work on the left side? A. Newly oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary vein B. The left atrium contracts, pushing blood into the left ventricle C. Once the left ventricle is full, it contracts and pushes the blood back out to the body via the aorta Question 38/53 What is heart rate? A. The number of heart beats per minute B. Normally: 60-100/minute C. It is controlled by autonomic nervous system D. Sympathetic stimulation increases the heart rate E. Parasympathetic stimulation decreases the heart rate Question 39/53 What is stroke volume? A. The amount of the blood pumped by ventricle with each beat Question 40/53 What factors affect stroke volume? A. Preload volume load or diastolic load B. Afterload pressure load or systolic load C. Contractility strength of cardiac muscle Question 41/53 What is preload? A. The degree of stretch of myocardium prior to contraction B. Within limits, the stroke volume is directly related to preload C. Starling’s law: within limits, the greater the length of myocardial fibers the more powerful the contraction Question 42/53 What is afterload? A. The resistance facing the ventricle during contraction B. The stroke volume is inversely related to afterload Question 43/53 What is contractility? A. The force of contraction of cardiac muscle B. The stroke volume is directly related to contractility Question 44/53 What is stroke volume? A. The amount of blood pumped by ventricle with each beat. Question 45/53 What are the factors that affect stroke volume? A. Preload, afterload, and contractility. 5  circulatory system 2020 Question 46/53 What is preload? A. The degree of stretch of myocardium prior to contraction. Question 47/53 What is Starling's law? A. Within limits, the greater the length of myocardial fibers the more powerful the contraction. Question 48/53 What is afterload? A. The resistance facing the ventricle during contraction. Question 49/53 What is contractility? A. The force of contraction of cardiac muscle. Question 50/53 What is cardiac output? A. Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute. Question 51/53 What is the formula for cardiac output? A. Cardiac output (COP) = heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV) Question 52/53 What is the average cardiac output? A. 5 liters/minute. Question 53/53 What factors affect cardiac output? A. Heart rate, preload, afterload, and contractility. 6