Chrysocoma Ciliata PDF
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This document provides information on Chrysocoma ciliata, commonly known as Bitter Bush. It details its distribution, toxic principles, and associated syndromes in livestock, such as Kaalsiekte, Lakseersiekte, and Valsiekte. The document also includes information about the plant's impact on animals, treatment, and prevention methods.
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2023/10/23 Chrysocoma ciliata Chrysocoma ciliata Bitter bush Bitterkaroo, Bitterbos Chrysocoma ciliata Chrysocoma ciliata Chrysocoma ciliata Chrysocoma ciliata...
2023/10/23 Chrysocoma ciliata Chrysocoma ciliata Bitter bush Bitterkaroo, Bitterbos Chrysocoma ciliata Chrysocoma ciliata Chrysocoma ciliata Chrysocoma ciliata 1 2023/10/23 Chrysocoma ciliata Distribution Chrysocoma ciliata Toxic principle Unknown Sporadic problem Relatively large quantities of the plant have to be ingested If there is ample other grazing available, it is usually not a problem Chrysocoma ciliata Chrysocoma ciliata Important syndromes Kaalsiekte Kaalsiekte** Problem in sheep lambs and goat kids Lakseersiekte** – under 3 weeks of age > 3 weeks not a problem Valsiekte* in Dorper lambs – when the mothers graze on the bitter bush – circumstantial evidence – ingest large amounts Phytobezoars – lamb/kid is born with a normal coat – plant hair balls Trichobezoars 2 2023/10/23 Chrysocoma ciliata Chrysocoma ciliata Skin Trichobezoariasis (hair balls) toxin is excreted in milk Purging from 3 - 14 days old – due to toxic principle – pruritus – secondary due to hair balls – pulling out of fleece or hair Exposure – Alopecia (“kaalsiekte”) – sun burnt during the hot, sunny days over the rump, shoulders – evenings very cold; freeze to death, pneumonia and trunk usually only the non- Offspring might be affected even if the pigmented parts mothers are not exhibiting purging wool/hair remains on the limbs and head – “lakseersiekte” Chrysocoma ciliata Chrysocoma ciliata Treatment Prevention Protect against the sun during the day Good pasture management and extreme cold during the night Supplementary feeding – lanolin and other emollients on the skin – one or two hours grazing on green pasture or good quality hay before being turned onto veld Hair balls Prevent pregnant ewes grazing in the – palpate and remove surgically heavily infested camps cost effectiveness – one month before parturition – Purgatives or liquid paraffin – keep them away for one month after parturition not very successful Chrysocoma ciliata Chrysocoma ciliata Lakseersiekte Necropsy Problem in cattle, sheep and goats – Severe gastroenteritis haemorrhagic Large quantity of plant material ulcerative lesions Severe diarrhoea Treatment Dehydration – Remove immediately – Symptomatic and supportive fluid and electrolyte treatment 3 2023/10/23 Chrysocoma ciliata Chrysocoma ciliata Valsiekte Valsiekte Circumstantial evidence Status spongiosus of the white matter 2 - 4 month-old lambs Neuronal degeneration and necrosis of Dorpers or Dorper-crosses the grey matter in the spinal cord – similar to enzootic ataxia, “lamkruis” Cu-deficiency Diarrhoea and kaalsiekte may occur simultaneously 4
