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Questions and Answers
What is the main toxic principle associated with Chrysocoma ciliata?
What is the main toxic principle associated with Chrysocoma ciliata?
In which age group of sheep lambs is Kaalsiekte most problematic?
In which age group of sheep lambs is Kaalsiekte most problematic?
Which syndrome is specifically noted to occur when Dorper lambs' mothers graze on Chrysocoma ciliata?
Which syndrome is specifically noted to occur when Dorper lambs' mothers graze on Chrysocoma ciliata?
What type of health issue can result from excessive grazing of Chrysocoma ciliata in sheep?
What type of health issue can result from excessive grazing of Chrysocoma ciliata in sheep?
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What is a secondary issue caused by the toxic principle of Chrysocoma ciliata in affected animals?
What is a secondary issue caused by the toxic principle of Chrysocoma ciliata in affected animals?
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In which condition is the toxin from Chrysocoma ciliata excreted via milk?
In which condition is the toxin from Chrysocoma ciliata excreted via milk?
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Which syndrome is characterized by physical symptoms such as pruritus and alopecia?
Which syndrome is characterized by physical symptoms such as pruritus and alopecia?
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What environmental conditions contribute to the health risks associated with grazing on Chrysocoma ciliata?
What environmental conditions contribute to the health risks associated with grazing on Chrysocoma ciliata?
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What condition might be present in offspring even if the mothers are not showing symptoms?
What condition might be present in offspring even if the mothers are not showing symptoms?
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What is a treatment option for hair balls in livestock?
What is a treatment option for hair balls in livestock?
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Which preventative measure is recommended for pregnant ewes to avoid grazing in contaminated pastures?
Which preventative measure is recommended for pregnant ewes to avoid grazing in contaminated pastures?
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Which of the following conditions is described as having severe diarrhoea and dehydration?
Which of the following conditions is described as having severe diarrhoea and dehydration?
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What is a common symptom of Valsiekte observed in young lambs?
What is a common symptom of Valsiekte observed in young lambs?
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What is a crucial step in the treatment of severe gastroenteritis in livestock?
What is a crucial step in the treatment of severe gastroenteritis in livestock?
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In managing grazing for pregnant ewes, when should they be kept away from infested camps?
In managing grazing for pregnant ewes, when should they be kept away from infested camps?
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What is described as a treatment that is not very successful for hair balls?
What is described as a treatment that is not very successful for hair balls?
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Study Notes
Chrysocoma ciliata Overview
- Common names include Bitter bush, Bitterkaroo, and Bitterbos.
- Distribution is sporadic but dependent on availability of other grazing resources.
Toxicity and Symptoms
- The toxic principle is currently unknown.
- Ingestion of large quantities is required for toxicity to manifest.
- Typically not a problem if ample alternative grazing exists.
Important Syndromes
- Kaalsiekte: Affects sheep lambs and goat kids under 3 weeks; typically not problematic after this age.
- Lakseersiekte: Occurs in cattle, sheep, and goats upon large ingestion; symptoms include severe diarrhea and dehydration.
- Valsiekte: Affects young Dorper lambs when mothers consume the plant; involves circumstantial evidence of toxicity.
Specific Health Issues
- Phytobezoars: Plant hair balls affecting digestion.
- Trichobezoars: Hair balls leading to gastrointestinal issues.
- Minimal hair loss initially, with affected areas on non-pigmented skin.
Skin Reactions
- Toxin excretion in milk leads to symptoms like pruritus, fleece pulling, and alopecia over certain body parts.
- Offspring can be affected even if mothers show no purging symptoms.
Treatment Strategies
- Provide shade to protect from sunburn and extreme cold.
- Use emollients to alleviate skin issues.
- Surgical removal of hair balls may be necessary; purgatives are often ineffective.
Prevention Measures
- Implement efficient pasture management practices.
- Offer supplementary feeding of good quality hay or limited grazing before exposure to veld.
- Pregnant ewes should avoid heavily infested camps during the month before and after parturition.
Necropsy Findings
- Severe gastroenteritis, characterized by hemorrhagic and ulcerative lesions, noted in affected animals.
- Symptoms include severe dehydration and necessitate immediate removal of animals from toxic areas with symptomatic treatment.
Neurological Impact
- Valsiekte displays signs of spongiform status in white matter and neuronal degeneration similar to conditions like enzootic ataxia in Cu-deficient animals.
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Description
This quiz covers the characteristics and toxicity of Chrysocoma ciliata, commonly known as Bitter bush or Bitterkaroo. It explores the toxic principles, important syndromes like Kaalsiekte and Lakseersiekte, and specific health issues such as phytobezoars. Understanding these aspects is crucial for managing grazing resources effectively.
