Chinese Path Notes PDF

LECTURE 1 : 4 great Invention In china: - Compass - Gunpowder - Papermaking - Printing Continued with: - Rice - Tea - Silk - Brick and tiles - China - Chinese white liquor - Kite - Ironic plough - Saddle Bamboo is chinese favorite plant, due to i...

LECTURE 1 : 4 great Invention In china: - Compass - Gunpowder - Papermaking - Printing Continued with: - Rice - Tea - Silk - Brick and tiles - China - Chinese white liquor - Kite - Ironic plough - Saddle Bamboo is chinese favorite plant, due to its height, and durability that is used for painting and poems and you can also make basket and furnitures using bamboo. China’s GDP per capita is increasing over the years from 1949 (23 USD) to 2021 (12549 USD) In 2014, China surpassed the USA in terms of purchasing power parity. Development can solve all problems eventually. But it will take a long time China has a very large population. Is it an advantage or a burden? China's workforce of working age was 940M, about 440m are employed in the city, there are about 330m in rural areas and China has reached a staggering 82%, ranking first in the world. Woman in China have the most room for development. The experience of urbanization - Maintain the healthy development of agriculture and rural areas. - Selecting talents from the countryside to go to the cities - 1 Billion people: 10 million urban jobs are created every year - The urbanization rate increased by 1% point every year in the last 45 years. A systematic urbanization strategy has enabled China to develop industry, housing, education, medical care, and transportation in the process of urbanization, creating a large number of business opportunities. Chinese path to modernization: 5 features - China’s modernization will be shared by a large population. - Features common prosperity of all its people. - Coordinated material and cultural-ethical progress.  - Harmony between humanity and nature. - Peaceful development. China is the 3rd largest country in total area behind Russia and Canada, very similar to the United States. China stretches across the East Asian landmass. China is also bordered by seas and waters eastward with 1.4 Billion people, that is about 18.5% of the world population. China and India dominate the process of the Earth turning green. Satellite data (2000-2017) shows that the green belts in China and India are very prominent, overlapping with farmland around the world. Natural resources - China is not abundant in natural resources - Have too much oil, not much crude oil - Hydropower potential - Rare earth - Other major minerals are aluminum, bauxite, coal, crude petroleum, diamonds, gold, iron ore, lead, magnetite, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, natural gas, phosphate rock, tin, uranium, and vanadium. Chinese people love peace, since china have never been colonized, China needs a lot of things, china buy things and china never threatens other countries always adheres to peaceful resolution and joint development when dealing with disputes Contrast to other big countries: - Chinese buy and sell, never rob and force - The quality of chinese products is good and the price is affordable - If you are not willing to do business with the Chinese, they will leave and maybe come back later on but they will not subvert your government and sanction your country. People love fair trade End of lecture 1 LECTURE 2 : - How does China feed 1.4 billion people? 9% of world farmland, 20% of world population - First and foremost task for people: food and eat - Chinese proverb: Depend on mountains to eat mountains and depend on water to eat water - Using 7% of arable land to feed 22% of the world's population Huzhou, Zhejiang: Flood Plains along the Yangtze River, Taihu Lake and Qiantang River. The abundant freshwater resources have brought a lot of nutrients to the upper reaches of the river, making the region a land of fish and rice for 100 million people. It is also one of the most densely populated areas in China. It is similar to the floodplains of Bangladesh, West Bengal, India and Saigon, Vietnam. What unusual things have the Chinese done compared to other densely populated floodplains? Compared with rice, aquatic products can sell at higher prices and become rich faster. Come closer and you'll see millions of fish ponds here. Besides the fish pond, you can also see many trees planted around it. Without knowing the concept of "sustainable development", Chinese farmers have used this ecosystem of fish, mulberry, and silkworm for thousands of years. Today, the system has evolved into multiple recycling of the same piece of land. To raise more fish in a pond, we need an oxygen pump. It can inject air into the water so that the fish have enough oxygen to breathe. In the picture, the white dot in the middle of each pond is an oxygen pump. To install an oxygen pump in each fish pond, electricity must be supplied everywhere using solar panels. Also fish don’t need sunlight so it will be okay if add solar panels in fish ponds. It is called Photovoltaic Fish Ponds. With the help of local governments and experts, farmers and fishermen began to learn the most advanced solar energy technology and sustainable development technology. Why are Chinese local governments so keen on promoting high technology? Because the promotion of officials is linked to their achievements. Photovoltaic fish ponds are fully in line with the concept of sustainable development, so they are conducive to the promotion of local officials.  From this point, you can understand why China can produce 84% of the world's silk, 66% of freshwater fish, and solar power accounts for 25.8% of the world's total. In rural areas of Zhejiang and Jiangsu, people eat fish almost every day. Some say it's the secret of their brains. Ecological cycle: lotus root and fish farming. 15 million tons of seafood in China are fished and the 50 million tons are from aquaculture farms. If compared to Japan 90% of their seafood comes from fishing. Cold places in China use greenhouses to produce vegetables. Farmers have installed Internet of Things monitoring systems in greenhouses, using mobile phones for monitoring internal environmental parameters like carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity, and soil temperature. The consumption of vegetables and fruits in China is about 700 million tons or 40% of the world total. Greenhouse makes china produce more vegetables 38x rather than India who has larger arable land and more vegetarians. Chinese people can enjoy more varieties of vegetables and the prices are cheaper. The watermelon from China comes from Kekendara, Yili, Xinjiang desert climate. Over 2.6 million employees and farmers, Agricultural students sent to Israel every year to study agricultural technology in desert climate. Yuan LongPing = Hybrid Rice Hybrid rice typically yields 15–20% more grain than inbred rice varieties grown under the same conditions, as a result of heterosis. Hybrid rice can provide an avenue for African rice farmers to boost rice yields and improve profitability Brewing beer (Malted barley) and Baijiu (Rice, wheat, corn and millet) Between 2000 and 2017, the global greening area increased by 5%, of which 1.25% came from China. In fact, China's vegetation area accounts for only 6.6% of the world's total. China can feed the Chinese, and it is not a staple food such as rice noodles. Compared with most developed countries, China has more kinds of delicious food and lower prices. The same is true for the poor in societies like Europe, US, Japan, etc. Shandong -> 50 USD Beijing, Shanghai, and Taipei -> 150 USD California, Japan, Hongkong -> 300 USD Most people in Japan and California don’t enjoy the luxury experience of 20 dishes at one time but in China it’s normal Agricultural and rural modernization is a socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics and a Chinese path to modernization, a comprehensive modernization covering agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. 3-dimension: Industry, community, and people Agriculture: Promoting food security, improving agricultural production efficiency, strengthening equipment, leading scientific and technological innovation, and promoting green agricultural development are key bottom line indicators for small farmers. Rural community: Indicators should focus on infrastructure coverage and quality improvement, education, healthcare, and hygiene, promoting equalization of public services and a healthy rural living environment. Enriching farmers : Scientific indicators should focus on increasing rural residents' income, promoting farmer development, and fostering a new urban-rural relationship between industry and agriculture. First and foremost task for people: food and eat Some countries are crazily fishing and greedily obtaining unlimited food from nature, leading to today's ecological disasters. Many developing countries are facing crises of population expansion and food shortages.By studying China's agricultural development, please discuss how a country can develop sustainable agriculture and healthy rural communities to achieve food security? Lecture 3: - In 1 AD China and India were the world’s largest economies. - European industrialisation and America’s rise that drew the economic center of gravity into the atlantic. - Japan’s economic boom made it the second-largest economy in the world, pulling the center north. - As China has regained economic leadership, the center is now retracing its footsteps towards the east. The competitiveness of the manufacturing industry comes from the industrial chain. Huawei competes against giant companies such as Apple, Samsung, Qualcomm, Tesla, Google, and NVIDIA all together. China encounters a global warming challenges due to climate change The price of solar modules have declined by 99.6% since 1976. The price of electricity from solar declined by 89% in these 10 years. In 2035 the five horizontal and five vertical interconnection channels will be built, and Asia-Europe-Africa will be taking the lead in realizing cross-continental networking. By 2050, the nine horizontal and nine vertical global energy internet backbone networks will be built, forming a new pattern of global development allocation and use of clean energy. Scientists in Beijing, China, are using carbon dioxide as a raw material, directly synthesize starch without relying on plant photosynthesis China is experiencing a water shortage due to the lack of water per capita level. More than 300 cities in China are facing water shortages. China’s high-speed rail mileage is more than 60% of the world’s total mileage, so its competitive. Lecture 4: Chinese geography consists of: - Security - Climates - Strategic options Gansu province have a harsh geographical environment - Have the massive freezing tibetan plateau - Have the deadly gobi desert. Typical villages in Gansu are made up of red stones, golden sands and deep valleys. There are a lot of sites just like the death valley and red canyon in the USA. You grow your own food in the valleys but you have virtually no rainfall at all. Even if you managed to grow a few tons of wheat, where do you sell it? To the nearest city? Nope you need 5 hours to drive out the dry mountain. Even if you manage to find a customer to buy your wheat. He will buy your wheat for $150 per ton. But your transport and fuel cost to move the wheat out of these mountains has exceeded $100 per ton. Considering other costs, do you grow wheat just for losing money? Key points: It's hard to grow crops here and you can't sell the wheat that you grew due to lack of customers and transportation cost. The province is also far away from the city. China’s central government has poured a huge amount of money into building level 50 expressways and railways across these provinces. But these bridges are very cost effective if you consider the amount of fuel saved for trucks, trains and cars. - In 2019, the total level 50 expressway length in Gansu province exceeded 4242km with a 120km/h speed limit. - Gansu also has four lines of high-speed railways running at 250km/h to 350km/h. - The level 50 bridge is almost three times longer than India’s level 50 total length. - In the next 14th five year plan, the government promise to connect every prefecture city in Gansu with high-speed railways and expressways. Lecture 5: The principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits. China is facing profound changes unseen in a century. All countries in the world are riding on a ship of shared destiny. To navigate through turbulent waves and sail towards a bright future, they must work together. It is unacceptable to attempt to throw anyone into the sea. RECP is a free trade agreement initiated by ASEAN in 2012 and formulated by the total of 15 members, including China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand and the 10 ASEAN countries. China has five free trade partners in Latin America, firmly ranking as the second largest trading partner in Latin America, and Latin America is the second largest destination for China's overseas direct investment. At present, the number of Latin American and Caribbean countries jointly building the "the Belt and Road" has increased to 22. China has implemented over 200 infrastructure projects in Latin America, undertaking thousands of kilometers of roads, railways, and light rail, over 100 schools, hospitals, and sports venues, nearly 100 bridges and tunnels, dozens of airports and ports, and providing nearly one million job opportunities for the local area. Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization - Russian federation - Republic of kazakhstan - People Republic of China - Kyrgyzstan Republic - Republic of Uzbekistan - Republic of Tajikistan - Republic of India - Islamic Republic of Pakistan - Iran Belt and Road Initiatives The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road, also known as The Belt and Road Initiatives (abbreviated BRI), is a development strategy and framework, proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping that focuses on connectivity and cooperation among countries which consists of two main components, the land-based "Silk Road Economic Belt" and oceangoing "Maritime Silk Road". The Global development initiative (GDI) During the General Debate of the 76th Session of the UN General Assembly in September 2021, President Xi Jinping put forth the Global Development Initiative (GDI) with an aim to refocus international attention on the issue of development, step up international cooperation and provide China' s insight and solution for solving difficult development issues and speeding up implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The initiative has been warmly received by the international community since its inception. It is a rallying call to galvanize support for the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. It offers a roadmap for bridging the North-South gap and a strong boost to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, fostering global development partnerships that are more equal and balanced Global civilization Initiative Advocate respect for the diversity of world civilizations, transcending the civilization divide with civilization exchange, transcending the civilization conflict with mutual learning, and transcending the superiority complex with the coexistence of different civilizations. We will promote the common values of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom for all humanity, enhance mutual understanding and friendship among people of all countries and jointly promote the development and progress of human civilization. Global security initiative - Stay committed to the vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security. - Stay committed to respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries. - Stay committed to abiding by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. - Stay committed to taking the legitimate security concerns of all countries seriously. - Stay committed to peacefully resolving differences and disputes between countries through dialogue and consultation. - Stay committed to maintaining in both traditional and non-traditional domains The problems facing the world are intricate and complex. The way out of them is through upholding multilateralism and building a community with a shared future for mainkind