Child With Infectious Disease PDF

CHILD WITH INFECTIOUS DISEASE Öğr. Gör. Merve ORAL  Presentation Plan Infection Process Stages of Infectious Diseases Types of Immunization Vaccination Schedule Storage of Vaccines Vaccination in Special Cases Nursing Initiatives Common Viral Infections in Children Common Bacteri...

CHILD WITH INFECTIOUS DISEASE Öğr. Gör. Merve ORAL  Presentation Plan Infection Process Stages of Infectious Diseases Types of Immunization Vaccination Schedule Storage of Vaccines Vaccination in Special Cases Nursing Initiatives Common Viral Infections in Children Common Bacterial Infections in Children Fever in children Isolation Precautions Infection Process and Immunization The entry of a microorganism into the sensitive host tissue, Reproduction and formation of colonies is called infection, and the formation of a physiological response in the form of disease symptoms or tissue trauma in the host is called infectious disease. Reasons why children are predisposed to infectious diseases Children are in crowded environments such as kindergartens, schools, Especially young children should be in close contact with adults in meeting their basic needs, Exposure to pathogens found on the surface by crawling, Their inability to understand the need for isolation due to the lack of development of their cognitive abilities, Their anatomical and functional characteristics according to age predispose them to some infectious diseases. Infection Process The basic elements involved in the formation of infectious diseases; Source Modes of transmission Host The cycle between these three elements is called the chain of infection.  Incubation Period:It is the period from the entry of the disease agent into the body to the appearance of the symptoms of the disease. The general duration is 7-10 days, but may vary. Prodromal Period:It is the period from the end of the incubation period until the appearance of clinical finding. Stages of Non-specific findings such as subfebrile fever, loss of appetite, sore throat, and cold may occur. Infectious Clinical Findings Period:It is the period when signs and Diseases symptoms related to the systems are seen. Healing Immune Response Against Organism Substances that carry molecules that are foreign to the structure of the organism are called antigens. Antigens are destroyed by phagocytosis. If the bacterium is not phagocytosed, it spreads to other parts of the body through blood and lymph. With the activation of the immune system, B-cells (humoral immunity) and T-cell (cellular immunity) lymphocytes are produced.  Active Acquired Immunization 1.Dead Virus Vaccine: It is a vaccine containing dead microorganisms (inactivated polio vaccine). 2.Toxoid Vaccine:Because some bacteria produce toxins, their antitoxic antibodies are produced (such as diphtheria). Types of Immunization 3.Live Virus Vaccine:Active immunization is achieved by reducing the virulence of live microorganisms (such as measles, chickenpox). 4.Recombinant Vaccine:It is the modification of the genetics of microorganisms to be used as a vaccine (acellular pertussis, hep. B). 5.Conjugate Vaccine:It is the binding of the modified microorganism with another substance to increase the immune response (conjugate pneumococcal vaccine).  Passive Acquired Immunization 1. Heterologous Passive Immunization:It contains antibodies against conditions such as diphtheria, tetanus, spider, snake bites or diseases. Since the antibodies are prepared from the horse's Types of serum, the child should be tested for allergies before application. Immunization 2.Homologous Passive Immunization:It contains a wide variety of antibodies, as it is obtained from the serum of many people. Vaccination scheme for children over 1 year old and under 6 years old who have never been vaccinated Vaccines First encounter 2 days after the first 2 months after the 8 months after the encounter first encounter first encounter Hep B I II III BCG I* DaBT-IPA-HiB 1 I II III KKK I KPA I II OPA I II *After the PPD control with ppd, BCG vaccine is given if necessary. Vaccination scheme for children aged 6-13 years who have never been vaccinated before Vaccines First encounter 2 months after the first 8 months after the first encounter encounter Hep B I II III KKK I II DaBT-IPA I II III OPA II III Hepatitis B Vaccine It is recommended for all babies after birth. It is performed on the children of mothers with HbsAG (-) immediately after birth in the 1st and 6th months. The antibody titer of 10mIU/ml is protective. If the mother is HbsAG (+), 0.5 ml of immunoglobulin and vaccine are given to the baby from separate areas within 12 hours after birth. BCG (Bacilla Calmette Guerin) It is a weakened live vaccine, it is administered intradermally to the left shoulder. 2-4 weeks after the injection, redness and swelling occur at the injection site (induration). In premature infants, BCG vaccination is postponed until the baby reaches 34 gestational weeks. BCG (Bacilla Calmette Guerin) PPD Test (Puree Protein Derivative Test) To identify people who have encountered the tuberculosis bacillus, children older than 3 months and who have not been vaccinated before are tested for PPD. The test result is evaluated after 48-72 hours by measuring the diameter of the induration in that area. If the induration diameter is >10 mm, the PPD test is considered positive. If the diameter of the induration is 10 mm