Chemical Safety PDF

Chemical Safety Image source: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/1oHhhAlEsJc/maxresdefault.jpg Outline Introduction: Case Studies Hazard Communication Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Chemical Labeling Chemical Exposure Personal Protecti...

Chemical Safety Image source: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/1oHhhAlEsJc/maxresdefault.jpg Outline Introduction: Case Studies Hazard Communication Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Chemical Labeling Chemical Exposure Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Chemical Storage Chemical Spill Response Waste Disposal General Safety Rules Introduction: A Case Study Small tubes of petroleum ether (PE) were stored in an ordinary domestic freezer The tubes were not sealed well, and the PE https://www.gasdetectortubes.com/kwikdraw/eu/44- tubes/tubes-detail-info/228-petroleum-ether-short-term- evaporated to a concentration exceeding gasdetector-tubes the lower explosive limit (about 1.0%) Flash point of PE is −50℃ A spark from an internal component of the freezer caused the PE to ignite, resulting in $500,000 in damage University of Missouri 2010 Explosion https://shoham.net.technion.ac.il/fa cilities/anaerobic-hood/ Lab personnel ignored a “warning system” designed to tell researchers when too much hydrogen enters the anaerobic hood and becomes flammable An explosion resulted when gas Anaerobic hood - an oxygen-free come into contact with an chamber used for ignition source working with 4 people were injured, one of bacteria that can’t https://encrypted- tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd them critically survive in oxygen 9GcQHuMhrkNk5Vtv7WKQCkDt3fMjBEn- CMwj1qg&usqp=CAU Hazard Communication Allows workers to know the hazards and identities of the chemicals they are exposed to while working Describes measures workers can take to protect themselves Hazards are communicated by: Labels Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Education and Training https://www.optimumsafetymanagement.com/blog/osha- safety-training-new-hazard-communication-standard/ Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) A document prepared by the chemical manufacturer that describes: Physical and chemical properties Physical and health hazards Routes of exposure Precautions for safe handling and use Emergency and first-aid procedures Control measures https://www.slideshare.net/VikashMishra53/material-safety-data-sheetor- safety-data-sheet Sample MSDS https://www.texasgateway.org/resource/material-safety-data-sheets  Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals Defines and classifies the hazards of chemical products Communicates health and safety information on labels and safety data sheets A set of rules for classifying hazards, and the same format and content for labels and safety data sheets (SDS) adopted and used around the world A 'non-binding' system of hazard communication Developed by an international team of hazard communication experts https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/462322717972720733/ Toxicity and Risk Toxicity The ability of a chemical to cause harm, i.e. “hazard” in general safety terms Risk Likelihood of a material to cause harm under conditions of use With proper handling, even highly toxic chemicals can be used safely Less toxic chemicals can be extremely hazardous if handled improperly  Routes Chemical Inhalation – breathing (powders, fumes) Exposure Ingestion – entry through mouth Injection – through skin by foreign body Absorption – skin or mucus membranes Classifications (based on duration) Acute exposure (short term) eye irritation, nausea, dizziness, skin rash, burns, headache, etc. Chronic exposure (long term) long-term illnesses Protection Measures: Hierarchy of Risk Controls 1. Eliminate the hazard (ex. not using shelves) 2. Substitute other materials, processes or equipment (ex. toluene instead of benzene) 3. Have engineering controls (ex. fume hoods, engineered sharps, eye wash) 4. Use systems that increase awareness of potential hazards 5. Have administrative controls (training and procedures, instructions, scheduling) 6. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) – gloves (proper size and material), lab coats, eye protection, safety shoes, respirators, face shields, masks Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses, which may result from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards https://health.ucdavis.edu/medresearch/safety/Documents/Doc uments2020/4.3_Poster_for_PPE_and_Lab_Attire.pdf https://safety.nmsu.edu/lab-safety/chem-safety/lab-personnel-protective-equipment/ The Sheharbano “Sheri” Sangji Case (UCLA, 2008) The first criminal case resulting from an academic laboratory accident Sangji (23 y.o. R.A.) was working with a bottle https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2014/06/20/sett lement-reached-in-fire-that-killed-ucla-chemist/ of t-butyl lithium dissolved in pentane While using a syringe to withdraw a quantity of the reagent, she accidentally pulled the plunger all the way out, introducing air and creating a flash fire Sangji was wearing nitrile gloves, safety glasses rather than goggles, a synthetic sweater, and no lab coat The fire ignited the gloves and sweater, and 40% of her body was burnt. She died 18 days later. https://ehs.unl.edu/safety- posters/chemical-safety-posters Glove Material Compatibility Generally Recommended Not Recommended Material for for Aromatics, hydrocarbons, Alcohols, caustics, Natural Rubber (NR) many solvents (especially ketones, many acids chlorinated and aromatic) Many acids, alcohols, Ketones, chlorinated Nitrile Buna Rubber (NBR) caustics, hydrocarbons hydrocarbons, strong acids Organic acids, caustics, Aromatic and chlorinated Neoprene alcohols, petroleum, solvents solvents, ketones The Karen Wetterhahn Case (Dartmouth College, 1997) Chemistry professor specializing in toxic metal exposure A few drops of dimethylmercury accidentally spilled on her hands, which were protected only by latex gloves Tests showed that DMM can rapidly permeate latex gloves and enter the skin within 15 seconds Single exposure to DMM raised Prof. Wetterhahn’s blood mercury level to 80 times the toxic threshold Delayed neurotoxic effects caused her to be hospitalized after 5 months, and died 10 months later at the age of 48  https://images.de nios.co.uk/produc ts_solutions/prod ucts/Storing_haza Chemical Storage rdous_materials/b egehbare- gefahrstofflager- 1a05.jpg Safe chemical handling requires routine inspections of chemical storage areas and maintenance of stringent inventory control. The inherent hazards of chemicals can be reduced by minimizing the quantity of chemicals on hand. However, when chemicals must be used, proper storage and handling can reduce or eliminate associated risks. All chemical storage areas and cabinets should be inspected at least annually and any unwanted or expired chemicals should be removed. Typical storage considerations: temperature, ignition control, ventilation, segregation and identification Proper segregation (physical barrier and/or distance) is necessary to prevent incompatible materials from inadvertently coming into contact  Chemical Storage Guide White = compatible Red = incompatible  https://its environm entalservi ces.com/r Chemical Spill Response esources/ chemical- spill- emergenc y/ WARNING: DO NOT RESPOND BEYOND YOUR TRAINING LEVEL! Stop. Think. IS IT A MAJOR SPILL? NO YES Remove contaminated Rescue clothing Avoid the chemical Use proper PPE Find the MSDS Contain spill Telephone for help Notify workers in the area Seek MSDS for advice Notify supervisor/security  https:// www.pu rdue.ed u/uns/i Chemical Fire mages/2 018/pt- chem- show.jpg Stop. Think. CAN I EXTINGUISH THIS FIRE? YES NO Extinguish open flames Evacuate area Turn off gas/electricity immediately Notify workers in the area Call emergency number Ventilate work area Notify supervisor/security Hazardous Waste Minimize waste in the first place Do not pour chemical waste down the drain Know your chemical classification Use flame resistant container with label Don’t leave funnel on top of waste container Use proper mercury disposal (ex. broken thermometer) Call for pick up https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sherly_Antony/publication/337704548/figure/fig2/ AS:896459574616067@1590744026580/Symbols-characteristics-of-Hazardous-Waste.png General Safety Rules: DOs and DON’Ts DO DON’T Store chemicals in their original Buy chemicals you do not need containers Eat, drink, smoke, chew gum, or Wear appropriate safety gear and apply cosmetics near chemicals work in a controlled environment Mouth pipette Dispose chemicals properly Use unlabeled containers Use care in handling contaminated glassware or needles Know chemical properties and toxicity https://guidancec orner.com/labora tory-safety-rules/ References Callaghan, J. (2012). WHMIS and OSHA labels. Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety. https://www.slideshare.net/CCOHS/whmis-and-osha-labels Sampson, S. (2014). Chemical Safety in the workplace. Safety Services Nova Scotia. https://www.slideshare.net/AWARE-NS/chemical-safety- in-the-workplace https://auspicesafety.com/2020/01/28/whmis-2015-and-ghs-what- you-need-to-know/ https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/ghs.html