CHEM 1: Chemistry: Science That Matters PDF

CHEM 1: CHEMISTRY: LESSON 1: WHAT’S THE MATTER WITH MATTER? SCIENCE THAT MATTERS...

CHEM 1: CHEMISTRY: LESSON 1: WHAT’S THE MATTER WITH MATTER? SCIENCE THAT MATTERS FIRST SEMESTER | ACADEMIC YEAR 2024 - 2025 | PROF. CHRISTINE C. HERNANDEZ CHEMISTRY ○ Ex. Density, Texture, Optical Rotation, Refractive Index, Boiling Point, etc. It is the central science and has other interactions with other science fields. EXTRINSIC PROPERTIES Involves composition, structure, properties, transformations, Dependent on the amount of material. 🔍 and energy accompanying transformations. It will change depending on the amount of material. It is the study of matter and the changes it can undergo when Ex. Size, Mass, Volume, Heat Content, etc. it is subject to different environments and conditions. The PHASES OF MATTER reason why chemistry touches everything we do is because almost everything in existence can be broken down into chemical building blocks. The main building blocks in chemistry SOLID are chemical elements, which are substances made of a single Incompressible atom. Definite shape and volume PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF CHEMISTRY LIQUID Laser (typically for barcodes) Indefinite shape Semiconductor Physics → Transistor → Silicon Processing Definite Volume Electronic Devices ← Polymerization Reactions → Polymers → Plastics → Various GAS Products Indefinite shape and volume Quantum Mechanics → Nuclear Transition Spins → NMR Spectroscopy (MRI) ○ To elucidate structure of compounds TRANSFORMATIONS THAT MATTER MAY UNDERGO THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD 1. Think of an idea PHYSICAL CHANGE 2. Plan your experiment There is no change in composition. 3. Research your topic (RRL) Phase changes are physical changes. 4. Experiment Ex. 5. Collect and record data 1. Melting (Solid - Liquid) 6. Come to a conclusion Freezing (Liquid - Solid) Hypotheses 2. Evaporation (Liquid - Gas) ○ Educated guesses that can be tested by experimentation. Condensation (Gas - Liquid) Theories 3. Sublimation (Solid - Gas) ○ For predictive value; can be modified or discarded. Deposition (Gas - Solid) Laws ○ Data summary in brief statement. Other examples: Models Formation of Snow ○ Use pictures for invisible processes MATTER CHEMICAL CHANGE It occupies space and has mass. There is a change in composition. It is the material of the universe. Both intrinsic and extrinsic properties are changed. Mass It is represented by a chemical reaction. ○ It is the quantity of matter. Ex. Color Change, Precipitation, Evolution of Gas, Heat Weight ○ It is the gravitational force of attraction exerted by earth Other examples: on a body. It changes depending on position. Burning of wood INTRINSIC PROPERTIES Ripening of Mangoes Digestion of Food in Stomach Independent of the amount of material. It will not change whether you have a small or large amount of material. CHEM 1: CHEMISTRY: SCIENCE THAT MATTERS LESSON 1: WHAT’S THE MATTER WITH MATTER? 1  CHEM 1: CHEMISTRY: LESSON 1: WHAT’S THE MATTER WITH MATTER? SCIENCE THAT MATTERS FIRST SEMESTER | ACADEMIC YEAR 2024 - 2025 | PROF. CHRISTINE C. HERNANDEZ CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER ○ Ex. Smoke, Fog, Ink, Milk, Butter Cheese, etc. A great example to show the classification of matter is through the periodic table. PURE SUBSTANCE A classification of matter made up of the same type of atom, all the same molecules, or all the same ionically bonded elements. Ex. Diamond, Salt, Gold, Pure Water, etc. It can be divided into two: Elements and Compounds Elements ○ Definite composition and properties; Simplest type of matter Compounds ○ Combination of elements in a definite ratio Molecules; Ionic compounds > cations and anions MIXTURES A classification of matter made up of the same type of atom, all the same molecules, or all the same ionically bonded elements. Ex. Diamond, Salt, Gold, Pure Water, etc. It can be divided into two: Elements and Compounds Homogenous ○ Only one phase of matter ○ Definite composition and properties (can no longer distinguish at least one of the components) ○ Ex. Air, Sugar Water, Rainwater, Vinegar, Dishwashing Detergent, Steel, Cup of Coffee, Mouthwash, etc. Heterogenous ○ Has two or more phases of matter ○ Indefinite composition and properties ○ Ex. Sand, Oil and Water, Salad, Granite, Opened Soda, Blood, Concrete, Vegetable Soup, etc. Colloid ○ Intermediate phase (1-1000 nm > size of particles) ○ Not filterable ○ Does not separate on standing CHEM 1: CHEMISTRY: SCIENCE THAT MATTERS LESSON 1: WHAT’S THE MATTER WITH MATTER? 2