CHEM 1410 Exam 2 Study Guide PDF

CHEM 1410 Exam 2 Study Guide General study suggestions: Coulomb’s law ( ) is really useful for this section. Be able to use it for explaining patterns. There will be lots of explanation on this exam. Practice constructing strong, compelling explanat...

CHEM 1410 Exam 2 Study Guide General study suggestions: Coulomb’s law ( ) is really useful for this section. Be able to use it for explaining patterns. There will be lots of explanation on this exam. Practice constructing strong, compelling explanations. I have two pro tips for this. 1. Include 3 parts in your explanation: claim, evidence, reasoning. The claim should be the answer to the question. The evidence is the data/observations that justify your claim. The reasoning is how the data supports your claim. *this is key—most folks assume it is obvious, but IT IS NOT OBVIOUS* 2. Good explanations describe mechanisms for things. One way to think about this is that you have to go a level deeper than the thing you are explaining. For example, if you are trying to explain something that atoms/elements do, a level deeper would include electrons, protons, and neutrons. If you are trying to explain something that molecules do, a level deeper includes how atoms are organized in that molecule. Consider the question: How does the size of a calcium ion compare to a calcium atom? The periodic table: 9.19  Identify different ‘blocks’ of the periodic table Identify quantum numbers that correspond to these blocks Use Pauli exclusion principle and quantum numbers to justify to me why a single atomic orbital can only house two electrons Write the electron configuration for an element Differentiate between valence and core electrons/write abbreviated configurations Justify why it makes sense to focus on valence electrons 9.24 Know and be able to think about the trends: atomic radius, ionic size, electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity Use distance and charge to reason about those trends 9.26 Describe the continuum of bonding: What kind of bonding occurs at the end of each end of the continuum? How are these kinds of bonding (ionic and covalent) similar and different? o Be sure to talk about how electrons are distributed. Reason about charge and distance to explain patterns in ionic compounds What is a polar bond? How is it different than a nonpolar bond? Draw a lewis dot structure, mostly tell me how many valence electrons an atom has 10.1 Draw a lewis structure(s) for a molecule Describe the criteria that you would use to evaluate the quality of lewis structure(s) Determine formal charge and use it to reason about the quality of a lewis structure Count the total number of electrons in a lewis structure 10.3 Especially be able to draw multiple possible lewis structures for a molecule Evaluate if resonance is happening Explain to me how a lewis structure you have drawn is different from the resonance structure 10.8-10.10 Predict the shape of a molecule Think about how lone pairs affect the 3D shape of a molecule Determine whether a molecule is polar Determine the direction of the net dipole