CHEM 1004 Introductory Review Slides Chapters 1&2 PDF

Chemistry 1004 Reviewing Some Basics Chapters 1 & 2  REVIEW3.1 Section CHEMISTRY Internal Structure of an Atom Chemistry – The study of matter Its structure, composition and properties Its interactions and reactions Anything that has mass and What...

Chemistry 1004 Reviewing Some Basics Chapters 1 & 2  REVIEW3.1 Section CHEMISTRY Internal Structure of an Atom Chemistry – The study of matter Its structure, composition and properties Its interactions and reactions Anything that has mass and What is matter? occupies space Return to TOC 1|2  REVIEW3.1 Section Matter Internal Structure of an Atom What are the 3 common states of matter on earth? Solid, Liquid, Gas Water can be found in the solid, liquid, and vapor (gaseous) forms simultaneously. This can be seen in the bottom figure. Return to TOC 1|3  REVIEW3.1 Section Physical Properties Internal Structure and Changes of an Atom Physical Property Characteristic that can be observed without changing the basic identity of the substance Examples – Colour, density, odor, hardness, melting point, boiling point, sublimation point, solubility Return to TOC 1|4  REVIEW3.1 Section Physical Properties Internal Structure and Changes of an Atom Physical Change Change in physical appearance but not in chemical composition – A new substance is never formed Examples – changes of state of matter between solids, liquids and gases Boiling, melting, sublimation, condensation, evaporation, freezing Return to TOC 1|5 REVIEW3.1 Section Chemical Properties Internal Structure and Changes of an Atom Chemical Property Characteristic of a substance that describes the way the substance undergoes or resists change to form a new substance Examples – Iron metal rusts in moist air; nickel metal dissolves in acid to produce a light green solution Return to TOC 1|6 REVIEW3.1 Section Chemical Properties Internal Structure and Changes of an Atom Chemical Change A process in which a substance undergoes a change in chemical composition Examples – chemical reaction occurs The process of rusting, the dissolution of metal in acid Return to TOC 1|7 REVIEW3.1 Section Internal Red Structure Kool-Aid of an Atom Freezing: Cherry Kool-Aid Freezing: A. Chemical Change B. Physical Change C. Neither It’s only a D. Both change of state Return to TOC 1|8 REVIEW3.1 Section Internal Red Structure Kool-Aid of an Atom Freezing: Statue of Liberty Turning Green: A. Chemical Change B. Physical Change The copper skin on the C. Neither surface reacts with air and water and forms a D. Both new substance (Copper oxide – Greenish gray) Return to TOC 1|9 REVIEW3.1 Section Internal Red Structure Kool-Aid of an Atom Freezing: Dry Ice Sublimating in the Sun: A. Chemical Change B. Physical Change C. Neither Again, change of state D. Both - Solid CO2 turns to gaseous CO2 Return to TOC 1 | 10 Section 3.1 Internal Structure of an Atom 118 Return to TOC 1 | 11 Section 3.1 Matter Internal Structure of an Atom Pure Substance Fig 1.7 A pure substance can be either an element or a compound. Return to TOC 1 | 12 Section 3.1 Elements are Pure Substances Internal Structure of an Atom Return to TOC 1 | 13  Section 3.1 Matter Internal Structure of an Atom Pure Substances - Elements Mercury Arsenic Sulphur Outward physical appearance of naturally occurring elements Bismuth Iodine CANNOT be broken down to simpler substances by chemical or physical means Magnesium Return to TOC 1 | 14 Section 3.1 Matter Internal Structure of an Atom Pure Substances - Compounds Compounds CAN be broken down into constituent elements by chemical means but not by physical means NaCl H2O CO2 Return to TOC 1 | 15 Section 3.1 Matter Internal Structure of an Atom Which substance cannot be broken down by a chemical process? A. Element B. Compound C. Homogeneous mixture D. Heterogeneous mixture Return to TOC 1 | 16 Section 3.1 Matter Internal Structure of an Atom Compounds are combinations of a number of atoms of different elements How many atoms are in each? Guess and then check on the next slide NaCl: H2SO4: 2CH4O: Ca3(PO4)2: Return to TOC 1 | 17 Section 3.1 Matter Compounds Internal Structure of an Atom Compounds are combinations of a number of atoms of different elements How many atoms are in each? NaCl: 2 H2SO4: 7 Na+ Cl - 2CH4O: 12 Ca3(PO4)2: 13 Return to TOC 1 | 18  Section 3.1 Scientific Notation Internal Structure of an Atom 0.00572 can be expressed as 5.72 x 10-3 (-3 is the exponent used since the decimal point was moved 3 spaces to the right to immediately follow the first non-zero integer [the “5”]) (The exponent is negative since 0.00572 is lower than 1) 24598 can be expressed as 2.46 x 104 (if rounding to 2 decimals) (4 is the exponent used since the decimal point was moved 4 spaces to the left to immediately follow the first non-zero integer [the “2”]) (The exponent is positive since 24598 is greater than 1) 602000000000000000000000 can be expressed as 6.02 x 1023 (also known as Avogadro’s number) (23 is the exponent used since the decimal point was moved 23 spaces to the left to immediately follow the first non-zero integer [the “6”]) (The exponent is positive since 602000000000000000000000 is greater than 1) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 19  Section 3.1 Measurement Internal Structure of an Atom Important Commonly Used Metric System Units Trillion – 1012 (1 000 000 000 000) - tera (TB – Terabyte) Billion - 109 (1 000 000 000) - giga (GHz – Gigahertz) Million - 106 (1 000 000) - mega (MP – Megapixel) Thousand - 103 (1000) - kilo (kW – Kilowatt) Ten - 101 (10) - deca (Decagon) One Tenth - 10-1 (0.1) - deci (dL - Decilitre) One Hundredth - 10-2 (0.01) - centi (cm – Centimetre) One Thousandth - 10-3 (0.001) - milli (mA – Milliamp) One Millionth - 10-6 (0.000001) - micro (m - Micrometre) One Billionth - 10-9 (0.000000001) - nano (ng - Nanogram) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 20