NUTR 2351 – Nutrition Chapter 17 Outline PDF

**NUTR 2351 -- Nutrition** **Chapter 17** **\*\*Know the function/role, deficiencies, and food sources of the vitamins and minerals discussed in Chapter 17** **Chapter 17: Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy through Infancy** - Full-term pregnancy - Trimesters - Prenatal development -...

**NUTR 2351 -- Nutrition** **Chapter 17** **\*\*Know the function/role, deficiencies, and food sources of the vitamins and minerals discussed in Chapter 17** **Chapter 17: Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy through Infancy** - Full-term pregnancy - Trimesters - Prenatal development - Embryo vs fetus - Key role of the placenta - Key diet and lifestyle factors associated with a successful pregnancy and what may happen if the nutrient intake is inadequate - Father - Mother - Before pregnancy - During pregnancy - Micronutrient and other nutrient needs during pregnancy - Kilocalories (1^st^, 2^nd^, 3^rd^ trimesters) and macronutrient needs during pregnancy - What foods/beverages and substances should be limited, consumed in moderation, or avoided? - Low birthweight vs small for gestational age (SGA) - Components of weight gain during pregnancy for healthy-weight women (Figure 17.5) - Recommended weight gain during pregnancy (Figure 17.3) - Morning sickness vs hyperemesis gravidarum - What foods/vitamins help with morning sickness? - Cravings vs pica - Why is food safety a concern for pregnant women? What should pregnant women avoid? - Complications during pregnancy - Gestational diabetes - Increased risk for macrosomia and jaundice - Risk factors - Pregnancy-induced hypertension - Gestational hypertension - Preeclampsia - Eclampsia - Factors that may negatively affect a pregnancy (Table 17.5) - Lactation - Prolactin - Oxytocin - Letdown response (Figure 17.9) - Colostrum vs breast milk (nutrition composition differences) - Foremilk vs hindmilk - Benefits of breastfeeding for infants and mothers - How long should a mother exclusively breastfed and why? - Special lifestyle and nutrient needs (fluid and kilocalories) of a mother breastfeeding (postpartum period) - Breastfeeding mothers should limit or avoid certain substances - Influence of a mother's diet on taste of breast milk - Breastfeeding at work - Which group of women may not be able to breastfeed? - Explain how formula can be a healthy alternative to breast milk - What causes early-childhood caries? - Infancy age - Foods and milestones for the baby's first year (Figure 17.12; labeled as Figure 12.2 in slides) - Failure to thrive - Why are infant's nutrient needs so high? - Nutrient needs of infant - Macronutrients - Micronutrients - What supplements do infants need? - When are infants ready to consume solid foods? - Once certain milestones are met - Tongue-thrust reflex - Why should solid foods be introduced gradually and one at a time? - What foods should be avoided? - Cow's milk - Choking hazards - Honey (botulism) - Seasonings - Food allergen - Food allergy vs anaphylaxis vs food intolerance - Reaction occurs in two stages (Figure 17.13) - Sensitization stage - Allergic reaction stage