Nutrition Community: Mothers and Infants PDF

Nutrition Community L6. Mothers And Infants: Nutrition Services, And Programs. By Dr..AwatifAlmehmadi MOTHERS AND INFANTS: NUTRITION SERVICES, AND PROGRAMS. Learning outcomes Trends in...

Nutrition Community L6. Mothers And Infants: Nutrition Services, And Programs. By Dr..AwatifAlmehmadi MOTHERS AND INFANTS: NUTRITION SERVICES, AND PROGRAMS. Learning outcomes Trends in Maternal and Infant Health. National Goals for Maternal and Infant Health. Nutrition and Health for Mothers. Nutrition Health for Babies. Maternal and Infant Nutrition Programs. The WIC Program. Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP). 2  INTRODUCTION The effects of nutrition extend If a mother’s nutrition stores from one generation to the are inadequate early in next and this is especially pregnancy when the placenta clear during pregnancy. is developing, the fetus will develop poorly. Infants born of malnourished mothers are more likely than healthy women’s infants to It is critical to provide the become ill, to have birth best nutrition possible at the defects, and to suffer early stages of life. retarded mental or physical development. 3  Trends In Maternal And Infant Health The United States spends more money on health care than most other countries, but its infant mortality rate (IMR) of 7.0 is considerably higher than several industrialized countries. Differences in IMRs persevere between ethnic groups and between poor and non-poor infants. 4 Infant Mortality (Deaths/1,000 Live Births) – 2020 Estimates 5 Primary Indicators Of The Infant's Future Health Status What are the primary indicators of the infant's future health status? Birth weight and length of pregnancy are the primary indicators of an infant’s future health status. Reduce the rate of all infant deaths in the first year of life. Decreased alcohol, cigarettes and drugs abused among pregnant women. 6  International Factors Must Be Addressed Several factors must be addressed to decrease low birth weight: Poverty. Minority status. Lack of access to health care. Inability to pay for health care. Poor nutrition. Low level of educational achievement. Unhygienic living conditions. Unhealthful habits such as smoking, and drug use. 7 National Goals For Maternal And Infant Health To further reduce infant mortality, the country must focus on changing protective and risky behaviors that affect pregnancy outcomes. These factors should be addressed in preconception screening and counseling, by identifying women who are at high risk of high blood pressure and other maternal complications. 8  National Goals for Maternal and Infant Health Healthy People 2010 Progress Review. Improvement is seen in: The decline in infant mortality rates for Hispanics, Whites, and American Indians An increase in breastfeeding by women in all race and ethnic groups. A continued decline in cigarette smoking during pregnancy. 10  National Goals for Maternal and Infant Health Healthy People 2010 Progress Review (continued) No progress or movement in the wrong direction occurred in the areas of: Maternal death for African American women. Iron deficiency in women aged 12 to 49 years. Fetal alcohol syndrome. Low birth weight.  GOAL IMPROVE THE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF WOMEN, INFANTS, CHILDREN, AND FAMILIES. WHY ARE MATERNAL, INFANT, AND CHILD HEALTH IMPORTANT? TO IDENTIFY EXISTING HEALTH RISKS IN WOMEN TOAND PREVENT FUTURE HEALTH PROBLEMS. THESE Healthy People HEALTH RISKS MAY INCLUDE: Hypertension And Heart Disease Programme Diabetes. 2020 Depression. Intimate Partner Violence. Genetic Conditions. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Stds). Tobacco, Alcohol, And Substance Use. Inadequate Nutrition. Unhealthy Weight.  Improve The Well-being Of Mothers, Infants, And Children Is An Important Public Health Goal For The United States. Their Well-being Determines The Health Of The Next Generation And Can Help Predict Future Public Health OVERVIEW Challenges For Families, Communities, And The Health Care System. Understanding Maternal, Infant, And Child Health many factors can affect pregnancy and childbirth, including: preconception health status age access to health care poverty Nutrition and Health for Mothers - Maternal Weight Maternal weight ( weight gain – weight loss). Nutrition assessment in pregnancy. Normal weight gain and adequate nutrition support the health of the mother and the development of the fetus. Low weight gain in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of delivering a low-birthweight infant. A woman who begins pregnancy at a healthful weight should gain between 11 to 15 kg. Excessive weight gain increases the risk of complications during delivery, as well as postpartum obesity. The suggested rate of weight gain is 1-2 kg for the first trimester, followed by a steady gain of about 0.5 kg per week thereafter. Weight gain during pregnancy A weight gain of 11 to 15kg is recommended during pregnancy but for more accurate calculation, the normal healthy weight gain in pregnancy should be calculated according the Body Mass Index. Where: – Overweight women ( BMI>25 kg/m2) are advised to get 7 kgs. – Normal women (BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2) are advised to get 10 kgs. – Underweight women (BMI