Chapter 14: Blood PDF

TESTBANKSELLER.COM Chapter 14: Blood Matching Match each blood cell type with its characteristic or function. a. erythrocyte b. basophil c. eosinophil d. neutrophil e. lymphocyt...

TESTBANKSELLER.COM Chapter 14: Blood Matching Match each blood cell type with its characteristic or function. a. erythrocyte b. basophil c. eosinophil d. neutrophil e. lymphocyte f. monocyte g. thrombocyte h. reticulocyte i. granulocyte j. agranulocyte k. megakaryocyte ____ 1. Immature form of red blood cell ____ 2. Charged with delivering oxygen and removing carbon dioxide ____ 3. Most abundant of the white blood cells ____ 4. Involved in allergic reactions ____ 5. Produces fragments that form platelets ____ TESTBANKSELLER.COM 6. Responsible for long-term immunity ____ 7. Classification of white blood cell that includes lymphocytes and monocytes ____ 8. Secretes heparin, which prevents clotting ____ 9. Phagocytic cell that migrates into tissues Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 10. Which component of blood plasma plays a role in blood clotting and the regulation of fluid volume? a. Platelets b. Proteins c. Red blood cells d. Electrolytes ____ 11. The two types of hematopoietic tissue found in the body are located in a. yellow bone marrow and the spleen. b. red bone marrow and the liver. c. red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue. d. lymphatic tissue and the liver. ____ 12. An immature erythrocyte is called a a. myeloblast. b. megakaryocyte. Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company TESTBANKSELLER.COM  TESTBANKSELLER.COM c. progranulocyte. d. reticulocyte. ____ 13. In an adult, where can red bone marrow be found? a. The medullary cavity of long bones only b. The pelvis only c. All bones d. The ends of long bones and in flat, irregular bones ____ 14. A diet rich in which mineral is crucial for hemoglobin synthesis? a. Calcium b. Iron c. Zinc d. Potassium ____ 15. The stimulus for the production of new red blood cells is a. decreased levels of hemoglobin in the blood. b. declining oxygen levels. c. increased carbon dioxide levels. d. decreased levels of iron. ____ 16. What is erythropoietin (EPO) and how is it secreted? a. It is secreted by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels. b. It is secreted by the liver in response to low hemoglobin levels. c. It is secreted by bone marrow in response to decreasing numbers of red blood cells. d. It is secreted by the spleen in response to an increased number of damaged red blood cells. TESTBANKSELLER.COM ____ 17. A patient’s laboratory report shows an increased number of reticulocytes. What is a possible cause for this finding? a. A bone marrow disorder resulting in anemia b. A liver disorder resulting in increased plasma protein levels c. A move to higher altitude d. A move to lower altitude ____ 18. What is the normal life span of a red blood cell? a. 12 days b. 12 weeks c. 120 days d. 12 months ____ 19. During hemoglobin recycling, heme is initially broken down into a. amino acids. b. erythropoietin. c. iron and bilirubin. d. bile. ____ 20. During hemoglobin recycling, the iron portion of hemoglobin is a. transported to the liver and used to create new proteins. b. excreted in the intestines. c. transported to bone marrow and used to create new hemoglobin. d. transported to the spleen and used in red blood cell production. ____ 21. What is the most numerous formed element in blood? Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company TESTBANKSELLER.COM  TESTBANKSELLER.COM a. White blood cells b. Platelets c. Basophils d. Red blood cells ____ 22. A patient’s laboratory report shows that the number of eosinophils is high. What is the most likely cause? a. Leukemia b. Allergy c. Dehydration d. Clotting disorder ____ 23. What is the first stage of hemostasis? a. Activation of prothrombin b. Activation of factor X c. Formation of sticky platelets d. Vascular spasm ____ 24. What causes platelets to become sticky platelets? a. The formation of fibrin threads b. The exposure of collagen fibers c. The activation of factor X d. The initial spasm in the blood vessel ____ 25. The extrinsic clotting pathway is triggered when a. the skin surface releases clotting factors. b. the circulating platelets activate the various clotting factors. c. platelets begin to adhere to the TEdamaged STBANvessel KSELwall. LER.COM d. the damaged blood vessel and surrounding tissues release clotting factors. ____ 26. What is the role of prothrombin activator in the clotting process? a. It converts prothrombin into thrombin. b. It converts thrombin into prothrombin. c. It activates thrombin, which causes platelets to aggregate. d. It transforms thrombin into fibrin threads. ____ 27. What is the final step before a blood clot forms? a. Prothrombin transforms into thrombin. b. Platelets become sticky and accumulate at the site of injury. c. Thrombin transforms fibrinogen into fibrin. d. Plasminogen transforms into plasmin. ____ 28. Which vitamin is necessary for the synthesis of clotting factors? a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin K c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin D ____ 29. A person’s ABO blood type identifies a. the type of antigens on the red blood cell. b. the type of antigens in the plasma. c. the type of antibodies on the red blood cell. d. the type of antibodies in the plasma. Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company TESTBANKSELLER.COM  TESTBANKSELLER.COM ____ 30. A person with O blood has a. the type O antigen and anti-A and anti-B antibodies. b. neither the A nor the B antigen and neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies. c. neither the A nor the B antigen and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. d. both the A and B antigens and no antibodies. ____ 31. Which of the following statements about Rh-negative blood is true? a. It lacks the Rh antigen. b. It normally contains anti-Rh antibodies. c. Most Americans have Rh-negative blood. d. A severe reaction will occur the first time someone with Rh-negative blood is exposed to Rh-positive blood. Completion Complete each statement. 32. The clear extracellular matrix of blood is called ____________________. 33. The percentage of red cells in a sample of blood is called the ____________________. 34. The term used to describe the thickness or stickiness of blood is ____________________. 35. The production of blood is called ____________________. 36. All blood cells can trace their beginnings TESTBAtoNaKspecific SELLtypeER.ofCbone OM marrow cell called a ____________________ cell. 37. The red pigment filling the interior of a red blood cell is ____________________. 38. One hemoglobin molecule can bind with ____________________ molecules of oxygen to form ____________________. 39. The process of producing new red blood cells is called ____________________. 40. The fewest of the formed elements are ____________________. 41. The process of clot dissolution is called ____________________. 42. Each red blood cell carries a protein called an ____________________. Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company TESTBANKSELLER.COM  TESTBANKSELLER.COM Chapter 14: Blood Answer Section MATCHING 1. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 279 KEY: REMEMBERING 2. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 277 KEY: REMEMBERING 3. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 282 KEY: REMEMBERING 4. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 282 KEY: REMEMBERING 5. ANS: K PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 285 KEY: REMEMBERING 6. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 283 KEY: REMEMBERING 7. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 283 KEY: REMEMBERING 8. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 282 KEY: REMEMBERING 9. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 283 KEY: REMEMBERING TESTBANKSELLER.COM MULTIPLE CHOICE 10. ANS: B Proteins play a role in blood clotting and the regulation of fluid volume. Platelets and red blood cells are formed elements and, therefore, are not a part of plasma. Electrolytes are a part of plasma but do not have a role in blood clotting. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 275 KEY: UNDERSTANDING 11. ANS: C The body has two types of hematopoietic tissue: red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 276 KEY: REMEMBERING 12. ANS: D Immature erythrocytes are called reticulocytes. A myeloblast is an offspring of a stem cell that eventually transforms into one of the three types of granulocytes. A megakaryocyte creates platelets. A progranulocyte is an immature granulocyte. PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 276 KEY: REMEMBERING 13. ANS: D Red bone marrow can be found in the ends of long bones and in flat, irregular bones in adults. This includes the pelvis as well as the sternum, cranial bones, and vertebrae. The medullary cavity is filled with yellow marrow in adults and red marrow in children. Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company TESTBANKSELLER.COM  TESTBANKSELLER.COM PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 276 KEY: REMEMBERING 14. ANS: B The oxygen-carrying component of hemoglobin contains iron; therefore, an adequate supply of dietary iron is crucial for hemoglobin synthesis. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 278 KEY: APPLYING 15. ANS: B Oxygen levels decline as damaged red blood cells are removed from circulation. This triggers the process of red blood cell production. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 279 KEY: UNDERSTANDING 16. ANS: A EPO is a hormone secreted by the kidneys in response to declining oxygen levels. In turn, EPO stimulates red bone marrow to begin production of red blood cells. None of the other answers are correct. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 279 KEY: UNDERSTANDING 17. ANS: C Because the atmosphere contains less oxygen at higher altitudes, the body compensates by increasing its production of red blood cells. In the process, it increases the number of reticulocytes released into circulation. A bone marrow disorder resulting in anemia would produce fewer reticulocytes. A liver disorder resulting in increased plasma proteins would not affect production of reticulocytes. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 279 KEY: APPLYING 18. ANS: C A blood cell normally lives for 120 days. TESTBANKSELLER.COM PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 279 KEY: REMEMBERING 19. ANS: C Heme is broken down into iron and bilirubin. Bilirubin is excreted in the intestines as part of bile. Globin is broken down into amino acids. Erythropoietin is excreted by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 280 KEY: UNDERSTANDING 20. ANS: C Iron is transported to the bone marrow, where it is used to create new hemoglobin. Iron is not used in the production of new proteins, and it is not excreted in the intestines. It is also not transported to the spleen. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 280 KEY: UNDERSTANDING 21. ANS: D Blood contains more red blood cells than any other formed element. Basophils are a type of white blood cell. PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 276 KEY: REMEMBERING 22. ANS: B Eosinophils are involved in allergic reactions, so an increased number indicates an allergy. Leukemia can cause increased numbers of various types of white blood cells, depending on the type of leukemia; however, eosinophils are not one of the white blood cells affected. Dehydration would not cause an elevation eosinophil count. A clotting disorder would be reflected by a decreased number of platelets. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 282 KEY: APPLYING 23. ANS: D Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company TESTBANKSELLER.COM  TESTBANKSELLER.COM The first stage of hemostasis involves a spasm of the blood vessel, which slows the flow of blood. The activation of prothrombin, the activation of factor X, and the formation of sticky platelets all come later. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 285 KEY: UNDERSTANDING 24. ANS: B The exposure of collagen fibers creates a rough spot on the interior of the vessel; this rough spot triggers changes in passing platelets that transforms them into sticky platelets. The fibrin threads and the activation of factor X come after platelets become sticky platelets. The initial spasm in the blood vessel does not affect the platelets. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 285 KEY: UNDERSTANDING 25. ANS: D The extrinsic pathway begins when factors outside or extrinsic to the blood (such as the damaged blood vessel and surrounding tissues) release clotting factors. The skin surface does not release clotting factors. The circulating platelets do not activate clotting factors, but when the platelets begin to adhere to the collagen in the damaged vessel, they do activate clotting factors. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 286 KEY: UNDERSTANDING 26. ANS: A Prothrombin activator transforms prothrombin into thrombin. In turn, thrombin transforms fibrinogen into fine threads of fibrin. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 286 KEY: UNDERSTANDING 27. ANS: C The final step before a clot forms occurs when thrombin transforms fibrinogen into fine threads of insoluble fibrin. The fibrin threads form aTweb ESatTBtheAN KSofEthe site LLinjury ER.C inOwhich M passing blood cells become ensnared, forming a clot. Prothrombin transforms into thrombin before fibrin threads form. Platelets become sticky and accumulate at the site of injury soon after a vessel is cut; this forms a platelet plug and not a clot. Plasminogen transforms into plasmin during dissolution of the clot. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 286 KEY: UNDERSTANDING 28. ANS: B Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of clotting factors. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 287 KEY: REMEMBERING 29. ANS: A The ABO system identifies the type of antigen on the red blood cell. Plasma does not carry antigens; it carries antibodies. Although the type of antigen determines the type of antibodies in the plasma, the ABO system is named for the type of antigen on the red blood cell. PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 288 KEY: UNDERSTANDING 30. ANS: C Type O blood has neither A or B antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. There is no such thing as the O antigen. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 288-289 KEY: ANALYZING 31. ANS: A Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company TESTBANKSELLER.COM  TESTBANKSELLER.COM Rh-negative blood lacks the Rh antigen, which is found in Rh-positive blood. Anti-Rh antibodies only appear after someone with Rh-negative blood is exposed to Rh-positive blood. Most Americans have Rh-positive blood. The first time someone with Rh-negative blood is exposed to Rh-positive blood, the person's body will develop anti-Rh antibodies but no reaction will occur. Difficulty will arise only if the recipient encounters the Rh antigen again. PTS: 1 DIF: D REF: 290 KEY: ANALYZING COMPLETION 32. ANS: plasma PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 275 KEY: REMEMBERING 33. ANS: hematocrit PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 275 KEY: REMEMBERING 34. ANS: viscosity PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 275 KEY: REMEMBERING 35. ANS: hematopoiesis PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 276 KEY: REMEMBERING 36. ANS: stem PTS: 1 DIF: E TESTBANREF: KSEL276 LER.COM KEY: REMEMBERING 37. ANS: hemoglobin PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 277 KEY: REMEMBERING 38. ANS: four, oxyhemoglobin 4, oxyhemoglobin PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 277 KEY: REMEMBERING 39. ANS: erythropoiesis PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 279 KEY: REMEMBERING 40. ANS: white blood cells WBCs leukocytes PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 282 KEY: REMEMBERING 41. ANS: fibrinolysis PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 287 KEY: REMEMBERING 42. ANS: antigen agglutinogen Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company TESTBANKSELLER.COM  TESTBANKSELLER.COM PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 288 KEY: REMEMBERING TESTBANKSELLER.COM Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company TESTBANKSELLER.COM