LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types PDF

4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins Due: 11:59pm on Saturday, April 6, 2024 To understand how points are awarded, read the Grading Policy for this assignment. Chapter 19 Book-specific Clinical Case...

4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins Due: 11:59pm on Saturday, April 6, 2024 To understand how points are awarded, read the Grading Policy for this assignment. Chapter 19 Book-specific Clinical Case Activity Today is Jasmine’s first day at her new job. She just graduated from college with a degree in biology. Becoming a researcher for a pharmaceutical company is a dream come true. But today, she can’t believe how badly she feels. Jasmine is severely fatigued, even though she slept for 10 hours last night. Her gums bled when she brushed her teeth this morning. She is so short of breath that she can barely climb the flight of stairs leading into the office building. She feels her heart thumping rapidly with the slightest exertion. Jasmine’s menstrual periods have been lasting up to three weeks, and she has suffered several nosebleeds in the last month. She has big bruises on her legs that she cannot explain, and she has had a sore throat for the past six weeks. Last week, Jasmine saw her primary care physician, who drew blood for a complete blood count (CBC). Her physician calls her back with some bad news. Instead of having 4.2-5.5 million red blood cells (RBCs) per μL of blood, Jasmine has fewer than 800,000. Instead of having 5000-10,000 white blood cells (WBCs) per μL of blood, she has fewer than 900. And instead of having 150,000-500,000 platelets per μL of blood, she has only 25,000. Jasmine’s doctor refers her to a hematologist, a physician specializing in diseases of the blood. The hematologist evaluates Jasmine and recommends a bone marrow biopsy. Part A RBC, WBC, and platelets all constitute what part of whole blood? ANSWER: formed elements plasma plasma proteins serum Correct The formed elements compose approximately 45 percent of the volume of normal whole blood. Part B What other common blood test would have provided information about the level of formed elements a person has? ANSWER: differential hematocrit hemoglobin plasma analysis Correct Although it would not provide numbers for the individual formed elements as a complete blood count does, a hematocrit test provides the percentage of formed elements in a sample of blood. The normal hematocrit, or packed cell volume (PCV), is 46 in adult males and 42 in adult females. Part C The hematologist performs a bone marrow biopsy by inserting a large bore needle into the red bone marrow of Jasmine’s posterior iliac crest and extracting cells. Jasmine’s red bone marrow shows very little hemopoiesis and virtually no hemocytoblasts, myeloid stem cells, or lymphoid stem cells. What would happen if Jasmine received a shot of erythropoietin? ANSWER: https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 1/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins The erythropoietin would cause Jasmine to produce large quantities of monocytes. The erythropoietin would cause Jasmine to produce large quantities of neutrophils. The erythropoietin would cause Jasmine to produce large quantities of lymphocytes. The erythropoietin would have little effect on Jasmine’s blood cell production. Correct Because Jasmine has virtually no hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), there is nothing for the erythropoietin to stimulate. Part D The hematologist diagnoses Jasmine with aplastic anemia, a serious red bone marrow failure. Jasmine’s hemopoietic marrow was replaced by adipose tissue, and no red cells, white cells, or platelets are being produced. To produce platelets, myeloid stem cells have to differentiate into what kind of cell? ANSWER: blast cells reticulocytes progenitor cells megakaryocyte Correct Megakaryocytes begin shedding their cytoplasm in small, membrane-enclosed packets that become platelets that enter the bloodstream. Chapter 19 Reading Quiz Question 4 Part A Mrs. Higgins needs to have major surgery. Two weeks before the surgery, her doctor prescribes EPO. Which of the following statements best explains his reason for doing this? ANSWER: By prescribing EPO, the doctor can stimulate Mrs. Higgins's body to produce an overabundance of RBCs, which can be harvested and saved for her surgery. By prescribing EPO, the doctor will be able to increase oxygen levels because EPO causes hemoglobin to bind oxygen more efficiently. After she takes EPO, Mrs. Higgins's risk of infection will go down because of increased production of WBCs. By prescribing EPO, the doctor will decrease her hematocrit so that her blood is less likely to clot during surgery. Correct Art-based Question: Blood Question 4 Part A What blood type does the cell indicated by the red arrow represent? https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 2/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins ANSWER: type Rh type O type A type AB Correct Art-labeling Activity: Blood Type Testing Label the blood types that correspond to specific blood typing test results. Part A Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the blood types that correspond to specific blood typing test results. ANSWER: https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 3/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins Reset Help A+ B+ AB+ O- Correct Art-labeling Activity: Blood Types And Cross-Reactions Differentiate between blood types. Part A Drag the labels to differentiate between blood types. ANSWER: https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 4/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins Reset Type A Type B Type AB Help Type O Correct PhysioEx Exercise 11 > Activity 1: Overview and Pre-lab Quiz for Hematocrit Determination Read the introduction and then answer the Pre-lab Quiz questions to the right. Exercise 11 > Activity 1: Hematocrit Determination Part A Oxygen is attached to _______. ANSWER: https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 5/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins a calcium atom located on the heme portion of hemoglobin a calcium atom located on the globin portion of hemoglobin an iron atom located on the globin portion of hemoglobin an iron atom located on the heme portion of hemoglobin Correct Part B The oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is evaluated using _______. ANSWER: hematocrit measurements and hemoglobin measurements cholesterol measurements hematocrit measurements and cholesterol measurements hematocrit measurements hemoglobin measurements Correct Part C Release of which of the following hormones results in higher levels of erythrocytes? ANSWER: erythropoietin testosterone estrogen and erythropoietin estrogen testosterone and erythropoietin Correct Part D Which type of anemia is a genetic disorder resulting in abnormally shaped erythrocytes? ANSWER: polycythemia pernicious anemia aplastic anemia sickle cell anemia Correct https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 6/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins PhysioEx Exercise 11 > Activity 3: Overview and Pre-lab Quiz for Hemoglobin Determination Read the introduction and then answer the Pre-lab Quiz questions to the right. Exercise 11 > Activity 3: Hemoglobin Determination Part A Each hemoglobin molecule can carry ______________ oxygen molecule(s). ANSWER: two three one four Correct Part B Which of the following does NOT result in an increase in hemoglobin levels? ANSWER: polycythemia congestive heart failure hyperthyroidism living at high altitudes Correct Part C Oxyhemoglobin _______. ANSWER: https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 7/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins has oxygen attached to the polypeptide chain of hemoglobin has a dull, brick-red color and has oxygen attached to the polypeptide chain of hemoglobin has a dull, brick-red color has a dull, brick-red color and has oxygen attached to the iron atom has oxygen attached to the iron atom Correct Art-based Question: Blood Question 6 Part A Which of these is characteristic of the cell indicated by the arrow? ANSWER: provides defense against specific antigens engulfs pathogens releases cytotoxic enzymes reduces inflammation Correct Pre-lab Video Coaching Activity: Blood Typing https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 8/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins Watch the following Pre-lab Video: Blood Typing and complete the activity below. Part A - Antigens How is the expression of surface antigens on red blood cells determined? Hint 1. What are antigens? Antigens are usually proteins that can stimulate the production of antibodies. DNA is the molecule of heredity that contains the instructions for making all proteins. ANSWER: previous exposure to an antigen environment genetics random selection Correct The genetic inheritance from each parent determines which antigens are expressed on the surface of an individual’s red blood cells. Part B - ABO Antigens As you saw in the video, ABO blood group is based on the presence or absence of specific glycoproteins called antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Label the red blood cells with the correct antigen(s). Hint 1. Expression of A and B antigens It is possible for individuals to have both A and B surface antigens. Recall this blood type from the video. https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 9/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins Hint 2. Lack of A and B antigens It is possible to have neither A nor B surface antigens. Recall this blood type from the video. ANSWER: Reset A antigen B antigen A antigen none B antigen AB antigen A & B antigens A & B antigens Help O antigen none Correct The presence or absence of A and/or B surface antigens determines ABO blood type. Part C - ABO Antibodies Antibodies are proteins that have a lock-and-key recognition for their antigen established by the antigen-binding site on the antibody. Match the antibodies in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Hint 1. Antigen-antibody rule If cells possess a particular ABO antigen, the plasma will not have the corresponding antibody. Hint 2. When does agglutination occur? Agglutination (clumping) occurs between an antibody binding to its corresponding antigen. Agglutination can lead to hemolysis of the red blood cells. ANSWER: https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 10/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins Reset anti-AB People who have the B antigen on the surface of their red blood cells have anti-A anti-O plasma. anti-B People who have the A antigen on the surface of their red blood cells have anti-B neither anti-A nor anti-B anti-A and anti-B anti-A Help antibodies in their antibodies in their plasma. People who have neither A nor B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells have anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma. People who have both A and B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells have neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in their plasma. Correct For ABO blood, antibodies will be present in the plasma if the cell lacks the corresponding antigen. However, some antibodies, such as acquired antibodies, are only produced if there has been exposure to the corresponding antigen. Part D - Rh Blood Group Like the ABO blood group, the Rh blood group is important in determining blood transfusion compatibility. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Rh blood group? Hint 1. Rh +/- signs The positive (+) and negative (-) signs refer to the presence and absence, respectively, of D antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Hint 2. Acquired antibodies Acquired antibodies are only produced if there has been exposure to the corresponding antigen. Anti-Rh (D) is an example of an acquired antibody. ANSWER: Rh+ blood can be safely transfused into individuals with Rh– blood with no adverse reactions. Anti-Rh (D) antibodies are only found in Rh– individuals who have been exposed to Rh+ blood. Individuals with Rh+ blood type have the corresponding anti-Rh (D) antibodies in their plasma. Individuals with Rh– blood type have Rh (D) antigens on the surface of their red blood cells. Correct The term Rh comes from its discovery using Rhesus monkeys. The + and – signs are added as a suffix to the ABO blood type. Part E - Blood Compatibility Transfusion reactions occur between mismatched blood types. Match the recipient ABO and Rh blood groups with their compatible donors. Hint 1. Universal recipient During transfusions, medical personnel must take care not to introduce ABO or Rh antigens into a patient in whom those antigens are not already found. The universal recipient can receive any blood type. This is because of the lack of antibodies corresponding to A, B, and Rh (D) antigens in his or her plasma. Which blood type lacks A, B, and D antibodies? Hint 2. Universal donor The universal donor can theoretically give blood to anyone. This is because of the lack of A, B, and Rh (D) surface antigens on his or her red blood cells. The absence of antigens allows packed red blood cells to be donated to any blood type because agglutination will usually not occur. Which blood type https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 11/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins lacks A, B, and D antigens? ANSWER: Reset A- Help AB+ : donor blood types A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, and O- BO- : donor blood types OABB+ : donor blood types B+, B-, O+, and O- OA+ O+ : donor blood types O+, O- B+ B- : donor blood types B-, O- AB+ A+ : donor blood types A+, A-, O+, and O- O+ A- : donor blood types A-, OAB- : donor blood types A-, B-, AB-, and O- Correct Recipient Blood Type Donor Blood Type(s) A- A-, O- B- B-, O- AB- A-, B-, AB-, O- O- O- A+ A+, A-, O+, O- B+ B+, B-, O+, O- AB+ A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O- O+ O+, O- If the recipient and donor blood types are not matched correctly, the recipient’s plasma antibodies will react with the donor’s blood antigens, causing agglutination and hemolysis of the red blood cells. This is called a transfusion reaction. Part F - Blood Typing Predict what the following blood type test results will look like for a person who has Type B- blood. Drag the correct blood results onto the test card wells. Blood results may be used more than once. Hint 1. Observance of clumping When the antiserum reacts with corresponding antigens present on the red blood cells, clumping (agglutination) results. If the antigen is present, agglutination will occur. If it the antigen is not present, agglutination will not occur. Hint 2. Blood Type BRecall what you have learned about ABO and Rh antigens. What antigens are present on the surface of red blood cells in a person with Type B- blood? ANSWER: https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 12/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins Reset Help Correct Blood typing is vitally important before receiving a blood transfusion because of potentially fatal transfusion reactions and during pregnancy to prevent the possibility of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Art-labeling Activity: The Composition of Whole Blood Part A Drag the labels to the appropriate location in the figure. (Note: If two labels can be equally placed in two targets, the labels should be placed in alphabetical order from top to bottom.) ANSWER: https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 13/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins Reset Help Plasma proteins Other solutes Water Plasma Formed elements Platelets White blood cells Red blood cells Correct Art-labeling Activity: White Blood Cells Part A Drag the labels to the appropriate location in the figure. ANSWER: Reset Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Monocytes Help Lymphocytes Correct https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 14/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins Lab Manual Exercise 34 Post-lab Quiz Question 2 Part A 92% of blood plasma is made up of ______________. ANSWER: protein water formed elements none of the above Correct Lab Manual Exercise 34 Post-lab Quiz Question 3 Part A When viewing a blood smear under a microscope, the cells with the visible nuclei are ___________. ANSWER: platelets leukocytes erythrocytes none of the above Correct Lab Manual Exercise 34 Post-lab Quiz Question 4 Part A Which white blood cells are first to arrive at the site of a wound to begin infection control? ANSWER: eosinophils monocytes neutrophils basophils Correct https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 15/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins Lab Manual Exercise 34 Post-lab Quiz Question 5 Part A What white blood cells are most abundant in lymphoid tissue? ANSWER: eosinophils lymphocytes monocytes neutrophils Correct Lab Manual Exercise 34 Pre-lab Quiz Question 5 Part A Platelets __________. ANSWER: are in involved in blood clotting are the precursors to leukocytes have multiple nuclei None of the listed responses is correct. Correct Lab Manual Exercise 34 Post-lab Quiz Question 7 Part A Which type of blood is considered to be the universal recipient? ANSWER: Type A Type B Type O Type AB Correct https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 16/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins Lab Manual Exercise 34 Pre-lab Quiz Question 2 Part A An individual whose blood type is AB negative can. ANSWER: donate to Types A, B, AB, but not to Type O receive any blood type except that with an Rh antigen receive A, B, and AB, but not O donate to all blood types Correct Lab Manual Exercise 34 Pre-lab Quiz Question 4 Part A Tom's blood type is AB positive. What does this mean? ANSWER: antibodies to A and B are present in the plasma his blood lacks the Rh factor there are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma he can only receive blood from a donor who is AB positive Correct Lab Manual Exercise 34 Post-lab Quiz Question 8 Part A A hematocrit primarily measures the volume of __________. ANSWER: platelets white blood cells oxygen red blood cells Correct Score Summary: https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 17/18 4/2/24, 11:50 PM LW - Ch19 - Identifying Blood Cells and Blood Types ~25 mins Your score on this assignment is 100%. You received 8.9 out of a possible total of 8.9 points. https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10505309 18/18