Chapter 7 Emerging Nationalism PDF

Chapter 7 Emerging Nationalism  Nationalism A condition of mind, feeling, or sentiment of a group of people living in a wee-defined geographical area, speaking a common language, possessing a literature in which the aspiration of the nation have been expressed, being attached to co...

Chapter 7 Emerging Nationalism  Nationalism A condition of mind, feeling, or sentiment of a group of people living in a wee-defined geographical area, speaking a common language, possessing a literature in which the aspiration of the nation have been expressed, being attached to common tradition, and in some cases, having a common religion. Louis L. Snyder  Factors to Emerging Nationalism 1.European Liberalism and Carlos Maria Dela Torre 2.Racial Discrimination 3.The Cavite Mutiny 1872 4.Secularization Movement 5.Execution of GOMBURZA European Liberalism and Carlos Maria Dela Torre The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 marked a significant turning point for the Philippines, allowing for faster and safer travel between Spain and the islands. This development not only brought new ideas but also facilitated the spread of European liberalism to the Philippines. The influx of modern concepts of liberty began to penetrate the minds of the natives, challenging long-held beliefs about human rights and governance. Carlos Maria Dela Torre’s Administration was significant because: 1. He abolished the censorship of the Press 2. Abolished Flogging as a Punishment 3. Solved the Agrarian unrest in Cavite  Racial Discrimination - Spaniards claimed superiority over the Filipinos. (Pardo De Tavera) - The Spaniards will always be a Spaniards and the Indio will always be an Indio, The Monkey will always be a Monkey however you dress him with a shirt and trousers, will always be a Monkey. (Fr. Miguel Lucio y Bustamante) Social Hierarchy and Discrimination 1. Removal of Hats 2. Hand-Kissing for Priests 3. Dining Segregation 4. Informal Address  1872 Cavite Mutiny - On the night of January 20, 1872, Filipino soldiers in the Fort of San Felipe in Cavite rose in mutiny under the leadership of Sergeant La Madrid. The Mutiny was precipitated by the abolition by Izquierdo of certain privileges which had long been enjoyed by the Filipino workers in the nearby arsenal and in the barracks of the artillery and engineer corps. - Official reports also claimed that the leaders of the mutiny had expected the support of close to 2,000 men from regiments based both in Cavite and in Manila. Some Causes Loss of exemption from tributo (Tribute) Loss of exemption to polo y servicio personales (Force Labor) Unpaid wages for tobacco planters Deduction of wages for the Arsenal workers.  Secularization Movement - Transfer of administration of ministries/ parishes/ churches from REGULAR CLERGY to SECULAR CLERGY. Regular priests were better prepared for missionary work because of their standards of discipline and asceticism. Their job, then, was to introduce the faith, convert the natives, and establish religious communities. In the Philippines, 5 religious orders took on this task: Augustinians (1565) Franciscans (1578) Jesuits (1581) Dominicans (1587) Recollects (1606)  The Secular priests, were priests who “live in the world”. They were under the authority of bishops and not members of a religious order. Their primary task was the management of the religious communities and ideally, the continuation of the work already laid down by the regular clergy.. REASONS 1. The Philippines still remained an active mission, en viva conquista espiritual, with some groups not yet Christianized. 2. It was more economic in nature with the regulars refusing to give up the parishes that generated large profits for them. 3. Filipino Secular clergy were unqualified and incompetent. 4. Some viewed the seculars as potential leaders of any future separatist movement. Execution of GOMBURZA The mutiny in Cavite led to the arrest of several priests and laymen, including Fathers Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora, Mariano Gomez were condemned to death by Garrote on February 15, 1872. The Execution was attended by nearly forty thousand Filipinos.  Thank you for listening!