Chapter 6 Lesson 1.pdf

I Lesson What Is Earth’s Surface Like? Why It Matters... w This island in the southern Pacific Ocean looks like a giant mushroom. Of course, it’s made of rock. As surrounding ocean water wears away the edges of the rock, the island becomes mushroom-shaped. Like this island in the ocean, the surface...

I Lesson What Is Earth’s Surface Like? Why It Matters... w This island in the southern Pacific Ocean looks like a giant mushroom. Of course, it’s made of rock. As surrounding ocean water wears away the edges of the rock, the island becomes mushroom-shaped. Like this island in the ocean, the surface of Earth is made of rock. PREPARE TO INVESTIGATE Inquiry Skill Compare When you compare two things, you observe how they are alike and how they are different. Materials 4 clear p’astic cups metric measuring cup water sand marking pen Science and Math Toolbox For steps 2, 3, and 4, review Measuring Volume on page H?. !I I C4 Chapter 6 arth’s Sutface procedure Models Work with a partner. Use a e Use marking pen to label each of three clear plastic cups Water. Label another clear plastic cup Land. Measure Measure 150 mL of sand. Pour 0 the sand into the cup labeled Land. The sand in this cup represents the amount of land on Earth’s surface. Measure Measure 150 mL of water. Pour 0 the water into one cup labeled Water. step 3 twice, adding water to the 0 Repeat remaining two cups labeled Water. The water in these three cups represents the amount of water on Earth’s surface. STEP 5 Use Models 0 and Look at the cups of sand water. Compare the amount of sand with the amount of water. Record your comparison in your Science Notebook. Conclusion 1. Compare How does the amount of land on Earth compare with the amount of water? 2. Use Numbers Use numbers to complete this sentence: The Earth’s surface is parts water and part land. Investigate More! Research Use resource books or the Internet to find out how much of the water on Earth’s surface is fresh water and how much is salt water. Write two fractions to show these amounts in hundredths. Surface of Earth VOCABULARY landform p. C8 pI READING SKILL Compare and Contrast Use the chart to compare three kinds of landlorms. MAIN IDEA Earth’s surface is made up of water and land. Landlorms, such as mountains and valleys, can be found on Earth’s surface. Water on Earth’s Surface Some people think that from space, Earth looks like a big blue marble. Earth is sometimes called the blue planet because about three-fourths of its surface is covered by water. The remaining one-fourth of the surface is land. Most of Earth’s water is salt water. Salt water is found in the oceans and seas. Lakes, rivers, and streams have a different kind of water, called fresh water. Water you use for drinking, washing, and cooking is fresh water. Niagara Falls is a waterfall on the Niagara River. V A I :1 C6 Chapter 6 Lesson 1 1 A Satellite photos show that almost three-fourths of Earth’s surface is water. by ace ter. Only a very small amount of all the water on Earth is fresh water. And only a tiny amount of this fresh water is usable by living things. The rest of the fresh water is unavailable. It cannot be used because it is frozen in huge masses of ice called glaciers (GLAY shurz). You have already learned that Earth’s Water fresh water is found in rivers, lakes, and streams. It’s also found in soil, air, and large spaces in deep 3 percent underground rock. fresh water Is there more salt water or fresh water on Earth’s Urface? COMPARE AND CONTRAST I Earth’s Landlorms You have probably seen several different features of the land. Perhaps you have gone hiking to the top of a mountain (MOWN tuhn). A mountain is a landform (LAND fawrm). A landlorm is a part of Earth’s surface that has a certain shape and is formed naturally. Earth has several kinds of landforms. The most visible landform is a mountain. A mountain is a raised part of the land, usually with steep sides, that rises above the area around it. Some mountains are high, rocky, and topped with snow. Others are lower and covered with trees. I Landlorms F Plateau A plateau is a Iarqe, flat land area that is raised. — Valley A valley is a low area surrounded mountains. I 1 Chapter 6 Lesson 1 I The low area of land between mountains, hills, or r high areas is called a valley (VAL ee). Some valleys °wide and flat. Others are narrow with steep sides. (KAN yuhn) is a narrow and deep valley that A caflY°’ or river flowing through it. 0ftefl has a stream A plain is a large land area that is mostly flat. The 1ddle part of the United States is a large plain. Plains 0ften have rich soil and make good farmland. Another type of landform is a plateau (pla TOH). Plateaus are flat areas of land that are higher than the land around them. The sides of a plateau are often steep. How are plateaus and plains different? Mountain The highe’) f mountain peak on Earth 1ount Everest. — J z ‘...‘ Canyon A canyon is a deep valley that forms when rivers cut through layers of rock. Plain A plain is a large, flat area IortWs_surface. Mapping Landlorms If you want to know what kinds of landforms are found in an area, you can look at a map. Many maps show rivers, mountains, and valleys. A landform map tells you about the shape of the land’s surface. Mountains are drawn to look like mountains and valleys are drawn to look like valleys. Some maps use symbols to represent different kinds of Iandforms. On these maps, a key tells what each symbol stands for. p West Virginia has a variety In diorms. COMPARE AND CONTRAST What are two different ways that maps show landlorms? valley 4 IA WEST VIRGINIA river — _‘4; ,..t dO Chapter 6 Lesson 1 mountain Review About three-fourths of Earth’s surface is covered by water. And 97% of that water is salt water. o MAIN IDEA How does the amount of land compare with the amount of water on Earth’s surface? o VOCABULARY What does the term landlorm mean? o READING SKILL: ii Earth’s surface has mountains, valleys, canyons, plains, and plateaus. Some maps show the shape of the land’s surface. Compare and Constrast What is the difference between a valley and a canyon? o CRITICAL THINKING: Apply When your friend looks out the windows, he sees mountains rising above him on both sides. Identify the kind of landform where he is likely to be located. o INQUIRY SKILL: Compare Compare the features of a mountain with a valley. for Home and School I.ATH Make Circle Graphs About + of Earth’s surface is covered by water, the other + of Earth’s surface is land. About of Earth’s Water is salt water, and is fresh water. Make a Poster with two circle graphs that show this data. ART Make a Map Make up a name for an Imaginary country. Draw a map of this country. Use different co(orsto show oceans, rivers, fliOuntains, plains, and other landforms. Label each landlorm with a name you make up. Be Sure to include a key for your map. TEST PREP A very narrow and deep valley is called a A. plateau. B. plain. C. mountain. D. canyon. Technology Visit www.eduplace.com/scpI to find out more about Earth’s surface. J