Chapter 6: Biochemistry - The Chemistry of Life PDF
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This document is a chapter on biochemistry, covering topics such as carbon forms, RNA types, and the genetic code. It describes the various biological molecules present in cells.
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BIOCHEMISTRY: THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE CHAPTER 6 2 CELLS contain many large biological molecules called “MACROMOLECULES”. MACROMOLECULES: DNA RNA Proteins Lipids polysaccharides 3 Building blocks can be broken down into smaller molecules: C-...
BIOCHEMISTRY: THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE CHAPTER 6 2 CELLS contain many large biological molecules called “MACROMOLECULES”. MACROMOLECULES: DNA RNA Proteins Lipids polysaccharides 3 Building blocks can be broken down into smaller molecules: C- Carbon H- hydrogen O- oxygen N- nitrogen P- phosphorous S- sulfur 6 1. AMORPHOUS CARBON -KNOWN AS: “LAMPBLACK, GAS BLACK, CHANNEL BLACK, CARBON BLACK”. -USED TO MAKE INKS, PAINTS, RUBBER PRODUCTS, AND THE CORES OF DRY CELL 7 BATTERY. 2. GRAPHITE -SOFTEST MATERIAL -USED AS LUBRICANT -BLACK MATERIAL IN “LEAD” PENCIL 8 3. DIAMOND -ONE OF THE HARDEST SUBSTANCE KNOWN. -JEWELRY (NATURAL) - DIAMOND-TIPPED SAW BLADE 9 (ARTIFICIAL) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 THE 3 TYPES OF RNA IN A CELL 50 51 PRESENTATION TITL 52 E 53 54 55 PRESENTATION TITL The nitrogenous bases E ADENINE, GUANINE and CYTOSINE =DNA and RNA THYMINE =DNA URACIL =RNA 56 PRESENTATION TITL E PUR - G A PYR - C U T 57 58 59 60 PRESENTATION TITL E DNA HELICASE DNA TOPOISOMERASE -initiates the separation of the two strands of the DNA molecule. 61 PRIMASE -synthesizes a short RNA primer DNA LIGASE -connects the fragments of newly synthesized DNA. 62 PRESENTATION TITL GENE - contains the instruction or “recipe” or “blueprint” that will enable a cell to E make what is known a gene product. GENETIC CODE -contains 4 Letters A- adenine G- guanine C- cytosine 63 T- thymine 64 65 66 TRANSCRIPTION The process by which the information in a single gene is used to make an mRNA molecule. 67 68 RNA POLYMERASE PRESENTATION TITL “DNA-dependent RNA polymerase E Located along the DNA template are various nucleotide sequence known as “traffic signal” that let the RNA polymerase know where to start and stop the transcription process. 69 70 71 72 The sequence of the codon’s three bases is the code that determine CODON- RNA molecules ANTICODON- tRNA molecules 74 What are start and stop codons? Start codon- is a site where the protein translation initiates. Stop codon- marks the termination of the translation process. 75 76 77 THANK YOU
