Muscular System Part 2 PDF

SUPERFICI AL MUSCLES Here is where your presentation begins Muscles of Facial Expression  MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION Muscle Function Occipitalis Draws scalp backward Frontalis Elevates eyebrows...

SUPERFICI AL MUSCLES Here is where your presentation begins Muscles of Facial Expression  MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION Muscle Function Occipitalis Draws scalp backward Frontalis Elevates eyebrows,wrinkles skin of forehead Zygomaticus Minor Draws upper lip upward and outward Levator labii superioris Elevates upper lip Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Raises upper lip and dilates nostril Buccinator Compresses cheek and retracts angle  MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION Zygomatic major Pulls angle of mouth upward and backward when laughing Mentalis Raises and protrudes lower lip as when in doubt Orbicularis oris Closes lips Risoris “Smiling” muscle  Muscles of Mastication and the Muscles that move the Eyes  MUSCLES OF MASTICATION Muscle of Mastication Function Masseter Closes jaw Temporalis Raises mandible and closes mouth; draws mandible backward Medial pterygoid Raises mandible ; closes mouth Lateral pterygoid (two-headed) Brings jaw forward  MUSCLES OF THE EYE Muscle of the Eye Function Superior rectus Rolls eyeball upward Inferior rectus Rolls eyeball downward Medial rectus Rolls eyeball medially Lateral rectus Rolls eyeball laterally Superior oblique Rotates eyeball on axis Inferior oblique Rotates eyeball on axis Muscles of the Head and shoulder Girdle  MUSCLES OF THE HEAD Muscle of the Head Origin Insertion Function Sternocleidomastoid Two heads sternum Temporal bone Flexes vertebral and clavicle column; rotates head MUSCLES MOVING THE SHOULDER GIRDLE Muscle Origin Insertion Function Levator Temporal bone Scapula Flexes vertebral column; rotates head Rhomboid major 2nd-5th thoracic Scapula Moves scapula vertebrae backward and upward; slight rotation Rhomboid minor Last Cervical and Scapula Elevates and 1st thoracic retracts scapula vertebrae Pectoralis minor Ribs Scapula Depresses shoulder and rotates scapula downward MUSCLES MOVING THE SHOULDER GIRDLE Trapezius Occipital bone Clavicle Draws head to one 7th cervical side; rotates 12th thoracic scapula Serratus anterior 8th, 9th rib Scapula Moves scapula forward away from spine and downward and inward toward chest wall Muscles moving the Humerus  MUSCLES MOVING THE HUMERUS Muscle Origin Insertion Function Coracobrachialis Scapula Humerus Flexes, adducts arm Pectoralis major Clavicle; sternum Humerus Flexes, adducts, six upper ribs rotates arm medially Teres major Scapula Humerus Adducts, extends, rotates arm medially Teres minor Scapula Humerus Rotates arm laterally and adducts Deltoid Clavicle, Scapula Humerus Abducts arm MUSCLES MOVING THE SHOULDER GIRDLE Supraspinatus Scapula Humerus Abducts arm Infraspinatus Scapula Humerus Rotates humerus outward Latissimus dorsi Lower six thoracic; Humerus Extends, adducts, Lumbar vertebrae; rotates arm Sacrum; Ilium medially, draws lower four ribs shoulder downward and backward Muscles moving the Elbow and the Wrist  MUSCLES MOVING THE ELBOW Muscle Function Brachialis Flexes forearm Triceps brachii (three Extends and adducts forearm heads) Biceps brachii (two Flexes arm; flexes forearm; supinates hand heads) Anconeus Extends forearm Brachioradialis Flexes forearm  MUSCLES MOVING THE WRIST Muscle Function Flexor carpi radialis Flexes, abducts wrist Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexes, adducts wrist Extensor carpi radialis Extends and abducts wrist joint brevis Extensor carpi radialis Extends and abducts wrist longus Extensor carpi ulnaris Extends, adducts wrist  MUSCLES MOVING THE WRIST Palmaris longus Flexes wrist joint Palmaris brevis Tenses palm of hand Extensor digitorum Extends wrist joint communis Muscles moving the Hand, Thumb and Fingers  MUSCLES MOVING THE HAND Muscle Function Supinator Supinates forearm Pronator teres Pronates forearm Pronator quadratus Pronates forearm  MUSCLES MOVING THE THUMB Muscle Function Flexor pollicis longus Flexes 2nd phalanx of thumb Flexor pollicis brevis Flexes thumb Extensor pollicis longus Extends terminal phalanx Extensor pollicis brevis Extends thumb Adductor pollicis Adducts thumb Abductor pollicis longus Abducts, extends thumb  MUSCLES MOVING THE THUMB Abductor pollicis brevis Abducts thumb Opponens pollicis Flexes and opposes thumb  MUSCLES MOVING THE FINGERS Muscle Function Flexor digitorum Flexes terminal phalanx profundus Flexor digiti minimi brevis Flexes little finger Interossei dorsalis Abduct, flex proximal phalanges Flexor digitorum Flexes middle phalanges superficialis Extensor indicis Extends index finger Interossei palmaris Adduct, flex proximal phalanges  MUSCLES MOVING THE FINGERS Abductor Digiti minimi Abducts little finger Opponens digiti minimi Rotates, abducts 5th metacarpal Extensor digitorum Extends the finger communis  Muscles of the Abdominal wall and Respiration  MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL Muscle Origin Insertion Function External oblique Lower eight ribs Iliac crest Compresses Anterior rectus abdominal contents sheath Internal oblique Iliac crest Costal cartilage Compresses Lower three or four abdominal contents ribs Transversus Iliac crest cartilage Xiphoid cartilage Compresses abdominis of lower six ribs Linea alba abdominal contents Rectus abdominis Crest of pubis, Cartilage of 5th, Flexes vertebral pubic symphysis 6th, 7th rib column, assists in compressing abdominal wall  MUSCLES OF THE RESPIRATION Muscle Origin Insertion Function Diaphragm Xiphoid process, Central tendon Increases vertical costal cartilages, diameter of thorax Lumbar vertebrae External Lower border of rib Upper border of rib Draws adjacent ribs intercostals below together Internal Ridge on inner Upper border of rib Draws adjacent ribs intercostals surface of rib below together Quadratus Iliac crest Last rib and upper Flexes trunk lumborum four lumbar laterally vertebrae Muscles Moving the Femur  MUSCLES MOVING THE FEMUR Muscle Origin Insertion Function Psoas major Transverse process Femur Flexes, rotates of lumbar vertebrae thigh medially Psoas minor Last thoracic and Junction of ilium Flexes trunk lumbar vertebrae and pubis Iliacus Last thoracic and Junction of ilium Flexes, rotates lumbar vertebrae and pubis thigh medially Gluteus maximus Ilium,sacrum and Fascia lata, gluteal Flexes, rotates coccyx ridge thigh laterally Gluteus medius Ilium Tendon on femur Abducts, rotates thigh medially  MUSCLES MOVING THE FEMUR Gluteus minimus Ilium Femur Abducts, rotates thigh medially Tensor fascia lata Ilium Femur Tenses fascia lata Abductor brevis Ischium, ishiopubic Femur Abducts, rotates ramus thigh Adductor magnus Ischium, ishiopubic Femur Adducts, extends ramus thigh Obturator externus Ilium,sacrum and Femur Rotates thigh coccyx laterally Pectineus Junction ilium and Femur Flexes, Adducts pubis thigh  MUSCLES MOVING THE FEMUR Adductor longus Crest and Femur Adducts, rotates, symphysis of pubis flexes thigh Muscles Moving the Knee Joint  MUSCLES MOVING THE KNEE JOINT Muscle Function Biceps femoris (two Flexes leg, rotates Laterally after flexed heads) Semitendinosus Flexes leg, Extends thigh Semimembranosus Flexes leg, Extends thigh Popliteus Flexes leg, Rotates it Gracilis Adducts thigh, Flexes leg Sartorius Flexes thigh, Rotates it laterally  MUSCLES MOVING THE KNEE JOINT Quadriceps femoris: (Four Extends leg and flexes the thigh heads) Rectus femoris Flexes the thigh at the hip joint and extends at the knee joint Vastus lateralis Extend the lower leg and allow the body to rise up from a squatting position Vastus medialis Extends the knee joint and it also contributes to correct tracking of the patella Vastus intermedius Knee extension Muscles Moving the Foot and Toes  MUSCLES MOVING THE FOOT Muscle Function Gastrocnemius Plantar flexes foot, flexes leg, supinates foot Soleus Plantar flexes foot Tibialis posterior Plantar flexes foot Tibialis Anterior Dorsally flexes foot Peroneus tertius Dorsally flexes foot Peroneus longus Everts, plantar flexes foot  MUSCLES MOVING THE TOES Muscle Function Flexor Hallucis brevis Flexes great toe Flexor hallucis longus Flexes great toe Extensor hallucis longus Extends great toe, dorsiflexes ankle Interossei dorsales Abduct, flex toes Flexor digitorum longus Flexes toes, extends foot Extensor digitorum Extends towa longus  MUSCLES MOVING THE TOES Abductor hallucis Abducts, flexes great toe Abductor digiti minimi Abducts little toe  MUSCLES MOVING THE FOOT Peroneus Brevis Everts foot Plantaris Plantar flexes foot  DISORDERS OF MUSCLE 1.CONTRACTURE – muscle shortens its length in the resting state 2.CRAMPS – spastic and painful contractions of muscles because of irritation within the muscle such as inflammation of connective tissue or lactic acid buildup 3.MYALGIA – muscle pain 4.MYOSITIS – inflammation of muscular tissue 5.ATROPHY – decrease in muscle bulk due to lack of exercise as when the limb is in a cast for a long period of time 6.HYPERTROPHY – increase in muscle size caused by an increase in bulk of muscle cells through exercises (ex. weightlifting)  DISORDERS OF MUSCLE 7.TENDINITIS – inflammation of the tendon 8.MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY – inherited muscular disorder occurring most often in males in which muscular tissues degenerate overtime resulting in complete helplessness 9.MYASTHENIA GRAVIS – easy tiring of muscles or muscle weakness 10.AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS) – also known as Lou Gehring’s disease, is a progressive degenerative disease of the motor neurons of the body 11.RIGOR MORTIS – occurs after death when muscles cannot contract 12.SNORING – caused by the rapid vibration of the uvula and soft palate producing a harsh, rasping sound during  DISORDERS OF MUSCLE 13.TETANUS – caused by Clostridium tetani 14.POLIO – caused by Enterovirus, enters the spinal cord of the CNS and affects peripheral nerves and muscles that they control 15.PLANTAR FASCIITIS – inflammation of the connective tissue (fascia) that is part of the arches of the foot 16.FIBROMYALGIA – a form of rheumatism that does not affect the joints characterized by long-term tendon and muscle pain accompanied by stiffness, occasional muscle spasm, and fatigue. No cure.