Men And Masculinities Chapter 3.4 PDF

MEN AND MASCULINITIES Introduction In the 1970’s, studies of different aspect of manhood were made. The growing body of literature theorizing men and masculinities which focuses on a variety of topics. Men made up a large majority of corporate executive, top professionals, and holders of public...

MEN AND MASCULINITIES Introduction In the 1970’s, studies of different aspect of manhood were made. The growing body of literature theorizing men and masculinities which focuses on a variety of topics. Men made up a large majority of corporate executive, top professionals, and holders of public office. Gender popularity are constantly reinforced in the media, hence, men now acknowledges that their position is under challenge. The men’s right lobby The myth of Male Power: Why are men the disposable sex? Men are now the gender victims as a result of feminism. - Warren Farrell  Modern legislation is seen to be overprotective of women’s interest, resulting in discrimination against men at a time when they are under increasing threat within rapidly changing society What is masculinity? It is a social, cultural, and historical construct dependent on and related to the other factors such as class, ethnicity, sexuality, age, and disability.  Themes of masculinity 01 02 03 Multiple Hierarchy and Collective Masculinity hegemony Masculinity Hegemonic masculinity There is no one pattern Patterns of conduct of – position of cultural of masculinity authority & leadership individuals as either Cultures and history “masculine” or Embodies heroes, role The meaning of “feminine” models and so on masculinity is different Collective and informal Expression of the in working class privilege men collectively have over women  Related concepts 1. Masculinities and well being 2. Family formation, fathering, caregiving, and domestic roles 3. Masculinities, alcohol and drug abuse 4. Protest masculinity 5. Caring masculinity  Masculinities and Well- being Research confirms that men are unlikely to talk about their worries and more likely to engage in other destructive behaviors when stressed. These findings echo the evidence in the literature that conforming to stoic and rigid notions of masculinity contributes to suicidal behavior and depression (Moller-Leimkuhler 2003; Emslie et al. 2006) Culturally dominant forms of masculinity, which often urge men to practice strict emotional control, serve as barrier to health and help-seeking behavior, or encourages some men to engage in practices detrimental to their own health and that of their family. Family formation, fathering, caregiving, and domestic roles Domestic roles are closely associated with women as carrying them out can involve a loss of face for men. Great deal was heard about increases in women’s labor force participation in recent decades but less about men’s caregiving and domestic roles. Better-educated men are more likely to put more time into domestic roles and caregiving (Hernandez 1996; Garcia and Oliverio 2004; Baker and Verani 2008). Men’s schooling may have expanded their sense of norms and weakened stereotypes through their exposure to broader and more diverse ideas.  Masculinities, Alcohol, and Drug Abuse When men become drunk fights and homicides are rationalized (Pange, 1998), and women are encourage to tolerate men’s drunkenness as a narutal part of their being (Caetano, 1984). Drug use and drug dealing can serve as ways of constructing a powerfully masculine identity (Collision 1996).  Protest Masculinity Protest masculinity refers to describe instances of extreme forms of sex-typed behavior on the parts of some males. Key to the concept of protest masculinity are high levels of physical agression (e.g. destructiveness, abuse, and violence). Protest masculinity is often a product of narcissism built from the feelings of powerlessness and insecurity.  Caring Masculinity Caring masculinities can be seen as masculine identities that exclude domination and embrace the affective, relational, emotional, and interdependent qualities of care. A critical form of men’s engagement in gender equality because doing care work requires men to resist hegemonic masculinity and to adopt values and characteristics of care (Elliot, 2016). Men who approximate this form of masculinity are viewed as a form of “new man” (Edley and Wetherell 1999; Smith 2016; Singleton and Maher 2004). Thank you for listening!  References Adams, R. & David, S. (2002). Introduction in the Masculinity Studies Reader, ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Connel R. (1987). Gender and Power. Cambridge: Polity Press Connel R. (1987). Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity Press Elliot K. (2015). Caring Masculinities: Theorizing an emerging concept.