Chapter 3 Vocab (1) PDF

nucleotide Definition: The subunit of DNA consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base gene Definition: A section of a DNA molecule that codes for a unique protein transcription Definition: The process that cells use to make RNA copies of a gene ribonucleic acid (RNA) Definition: A type of nuc...

nucleotide Definition: The subunit of DNA consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base gene Definition: A section of a DNA molecule that codes for a unique protein transcription Definition: The process that cells use to make RNA copies of a gene ribonucleic acid (RNA) Definition: A type of nucleic acid similar to DNA whose structure is based on the information in a gene translation Definition: The process of converting the DNA code into a protein codon Definition: A set of three nucleotides in a strand of mRNA that codes for one of the amino acids amino acid Definition: One of about twenty molecules used to build proteins anticodon Definition: A set of three nucleotides in tRNA that match a codon on mRNA protein synthesis Definition: The process of building a protein by bonding amino acids together Engineered system Definition: A group of things that are planned, designed, and built to work together to do a certain job irreducible complexity Definition: A feature of engineered systems in which removing one part of the system causes the whole system to cease functioning cell cycle Definition: The process of cellular growth and reproduction interphase Definition: The portion of the cell cycle during which the cell grows and carries out its normal functions replication Definition: The DNA-copying process mitosis Definition: The process of the cell cycle that ensures that each new daughter cell produced has the same number and kinds of genes as the original parent cell cytokinesis Definition: The final stage of the cell cycle during which the parent cell pinches to give each new daughter cell some cytoplasm asexual reproduction Definition: Reproduction that does not involve gametes gamete Definition: A sperm cell or an egg cell sexual reproduction Definition: A type of reproduction in which a sperm unites with an egg to form a zygote meiosis Definition: The process that reduces by half the amount of DNA present in each sperm or egg cell homologous chromosomes Definition: The matching pairs of chromosomes in a diploid cell fertilization Definition: The joining of gametes to form a diploid cell zygote Definition: The diploid cell that results from fertilization