Chapter 3 Incredible Nervous System PDF

Module 3 NERVOU S SYSTEM GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 NERVOUS SYSTEM At the end of this chapter you will be able to: 1. Explain the role of the nervous system in human behavior; 2. Identify and expl...

Module 3 NERVOU S SYSTEM GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 NERVOUS SYSTEM At the end of this chapter you will be able to: 1. Explain the role of the nervous system in human behavior; 2. Identify and explain the structures of the brain and their functions; and 3. Understand the role of biology in explaining behavior. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 NERVOUS Major SYSTEM Divisions Central Nervous Peripheral Nervous System (CNS) System (CNS) GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 NERVOUS Major SYSTEM Divisions Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (CNS) - Is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. - Includes all the nerves that extend from the spinal cord - Responsible for many and carry messages to and cognitive functions—such as from various muscles, thinking, speaking, and glands, and sense organs reading, as well as moving, located throughout the feeling, seeing, and hearing. body. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 NERVOUS Major SYSTEM Divisions Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (CNS) - Is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. - Includes all the nerves that extend from the spinal cord - Responsible for many and carry messages to and cognitive functions—such as from various muscles, thinking, speaking, and glands, and sense organs reading, as well as moving, located throughout the feeling, seeing, and hearing. body. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Divisions NERVOUS SYSTEM Peripheral Nervous System (CNS) Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System (CNS) (CNS) - Consists of a network of nerves that connect either to sensory - Regulates hear rate, breathing, receptors or to muscles that you blood pressure, digestion, can move voluntarily, such as hormone secretion, and other muscles in your limbs, back, functions. neck, and chest. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Divisions NERVOUS SYSTEM Peripheral Nervous System (CNS) Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System (CNS) (CNS) - Consists of a network of nerves that connect either to sensory - Regulates hear rate, breathing, receptors or to muscles that you blood pressure, digestion, can move voluntarily, such as hormone secretion, and other muscles in your limbs, back, functions. neck, and chest. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Divisions NERVOUS SYSTEM Sympathetic Division stem (CNS) - Triggered by threatening or challenging physical and physiological stimuli, increases physiological arousal and Autonomic Nervous System prepares the body for action. (CNS) Parasympathetic Division - Returns the body to a calmer, relaxed state and is involved in digestion. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Divisions NERVOUS SYSTEM Sympathetic Division - Triggered by threatening or challenging physical and physiological stimuli, HOMEOSTASIS increases physiological arousal and prepares the body for action. - means that the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems work together to keep the body’s level of arousal in balance for optimum functioning. Parasympathetic Division - Returns the body to a calmer, relaxed state and is involved in digestion. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Major Parts of Human GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC Brain  Module 3 Major Parts of Human Brain 2Midbrain 1Forebrain 3aPons 3Hinbrain 3bMedulla 3cCerebellum GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Major Parts of Human Brain 1. Forebrain – the largest part of the brain, has right and left sides that are called hemisphere. Responsible for learning and memory, speaking and language, emotional responses, experiencing sensations, initiating voluntary movements, planning and making decisions. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Major Parts of Human Brain 2Midbrain 2. Midbrain – has a reward or pleasure center, which is stimulated by food, sex, money, music, attractive faces, and some drugs (cocaine); has areas for visual and auditory reflexes, such as automatically turning your head towards a noise; and contains the reticular formation, which arouses the forebrain so that it is ready to process information from the senses. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Major Parts of Human Brain 3. Hindbrain – consists of structures in the top part of the spinal cord. The hindbrain is our life support system; it controls the basic biological functions that keep us alive. Some of the important structures within the hindbrain are the medulla, pons, and cerebellum. 3aPons 3bMedulla GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 3cCerebellum Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Major Parts of Human Brain 3aPons -Located just above the medulla and toward the front; connects the hindbrain with the midbrain and forebrain. It is also involved in the control of facial expression. Also makes chemicals involved in sleep. 3bMedulla GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 3cCerebellum Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Major Parts of Human Brain 3bMedulla -includes group of cells that control vital reflexes such as respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure. It is also known as the medulla oblongata and is located above the spinal cord. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 3cCerebellum Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Major Parts of Human Brain 3cCerebellum - is involved in coordinating movements but not in initiating voluntary movement. Also involved in performing timed motor responses, such as those needed in playing games or sports, and in automatic or reflexive learning, such as blinking eye to a signal, which called classical conditioning. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Control Centers: FOUR LOBES GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Control Centers: FOUR LOBES PAREIT FRONTA AL L OCCIPITA TEMPORA L L GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Control Centers: FOUR LOBES FRONTAL LOBE: FUNCTIONS - The largest of the brain’s lobes. - Involved in performing: ✔ voluntary motor movements ✔ interpreting and performing emotional behaviors ✔ behaving normally in social situations ✔ maintaining a healthy personality, ✔ paying attention to things in the environment ✔ Making decisions ✔ Executing plans. Phineas Gage GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Control Centers: FOUR LOBES FRONTAL LOBE: FUNCTIONS - The motor cortex is a narrow strip of cortex that is located on the edge of the frontal lobe and extends down its side. - Involved in initiation of all voluntary movements. - The right context controls muscles on the left side of the body, and vise versa. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Control Centers: FOUR LOBES PARIETAL LOBE: FUNCTIONS - The somatosensory cortex is a narrow strip of cortex that is located on the front edge of the parietal lobe and extends down its side. - Processes sensory information about: - Touch - Location of limbs - Pain - Temperature - The right somatosensory cortex receives information from the left side of the body, and vice versa. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Control Centers: FOUR LOBES TEMPORAL LOBE: FUNCTIONS - Located directly below the parietal lobe. - Involved in: - Hearing - Speaking coherently - Understanding verbal and written materials. - The primary auditory cortex which is located on the top edge of each temporal lobe, receives electrical signals from receptors in the ears and transform these signals into meaningless sound sensation, such as vowels and consonants. - For these meaningless sound sensations to become recognizable words, they must be sent to another area in the temporal lobe, called the auditory association area. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Control Centers: FOUR LOBES TEMPORAL LOBE: FUNCTIONS - Broca’s Area—Frontal Lobe - Wernicke’s Area—Temporal Lobe - Broca’s area, which is usually located in - Wernicke’s area, which is usually located the left frontal lobe, is necessary for in the left temporal lobe, is necessary for combining sounds into words and speaking in coherent sentences and for arranging words into meaningful understanding speech. sentences. - Broca’s Aphasia - Wernicke’s Aphasia - A person who cannot speak in fluent - Difficulty in understanding spoken or sentences but can understand written written words and in putting words into and spoken words. meaningful sentences GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Control Centers: FOUR LOBES OCCIPITAL LOBE: FUNCTIONS - Located at the very back of the brain. - Involved in processing visual information, which includes seeing colors and perceiving and recognizing objects, animals, and people. - The primary visual cortex which is located at the very back of the occipital lobe, receives electrical signals from receptors in the eyes and transforms these signals into meaningful basic visual sensations, such as lights, lines, shadow, colors, and textures. - The visual association area which is located at the primary visual cortex, transforms basic sensations, such as lights, lines, colors, and textures, into complete, meaningful visual perceptions, such as persons, objects, or animals. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Control Centers: FOUR LOBES OCCIPITAL LOBE: FUNCTIONS - The neglect syndrome refers to the failure of - In visual agnosia, the individual fails to a patient to see objects or parts of the body recognize some objects, person, color, yet on the side opposite the brain damage. has the ability to see and even describe Patients may dress only one side of their pieces or parts of some visual stimuli. body and deny that opposite body parts and theirs (that’s not my leg). GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Limbic System: OLD BRAIN GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Limbic System: OLD BRAIN ✔ The Limbic System refers to a group of about half a dozen interconnected structures that make up the core of the forebrain. ✔ Involved with regulating many motivational behavior such as obtaining food, drink, and sex; ✔ Organizing emotional behaviors such as fear, anger, and aggression; and with strong memories. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Limbic System: OLD BRAIN Parts of the Limbic System 1. Hypothalamus – regulates many motivational behaviors, including eating, drinking, and sexual responses; emotional behaviors, such as arousing the body when fighting or fleeing; and the secretion of hormones, such as occurs at puberty. - controls the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Limbic System: OLD BRAIN Parts of the Limbic System 2. Thalamus – is involved in receiving sensory information, doing some initial processing, and then relaying the sensory information to areas of the cortex, including somatosensory cortex, primary auditory cortex, and primary visual cortex. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Limbic System: OLD BRAIN Parts of the Limbic System 3. Amygdala – it plays a major role in evaluating the emotional significance of stimuli and facial expressions, especially those involving fear, distress, or threat. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 Limbic System: OLD BRAIN Parts of the Limbic System 4. Hippocampus – is involved in saving many kinds of fleeting memories by putting them into permanent storage in various parts of the brain. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 ENDOCRI NE SYSTEM GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Endocrine system is made up of numerous glands that are located throughout the body. These glands secrete various chemicals, called hormones, which affect organs, muscles, and other glands in the body. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC  Module 3 GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Leomar Hermosilla, RGC