Sexual Self - Chapter 2 Lesson 2 PDF

SEXUAL SELF Chapter 2 Lesson 2 Sexual Self It speaks of your sexual It refers to the totality of health, sexual oneself as a sexual orientation, gender being, including positive...

SEXUAL SELF Chapter 2 Lesson 2 Sexual Self It speaks of your sexual It refers to the totality of health, sexual oneself as a sexual orientation, gender being, including positive identity and expression and negative concepts and values around and feelings. sexuality.  derives from the Latin word pubertas, which means “adult.” the term refers to the period during which PUBERTY an individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction. It encompasses all the physical changes that occur in the growing girl or boy as the individual passes from childhood into adulthood.  Endocrine System What produces, circulates, and happens regulates levels of during hormones in the body. PUBERTY? – Gonads. The glands that secrete sex hormones male gonads: testes female gonad: ovaries  Hormones are highly specialized substances secreted by one or more endocrine glands, after which they enter the bloodstream and travel throughout the body; What hormones influence the functioning of different body organs. happens ▪ Female Sexual Hormones during ▪ Estrogen is responsible for developing female sexual characteristics PUBERTY? ▪ Progesterone is a sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans. ▪ Male Sexual Hormones ▪ Vasopressin are the hormones most closely associated with romantic love. ▪ Testosterone that is made in the testicles; it helps boys develop male features like body and facial hair, deeper voice, and muscle strength.  Ø OVUM (singular), ova (plural) Female sex cells (egg). Girls are born with about 2 million ova. What OVULATION An event that occurs about every twenty-eight days for women, in which a follicle happens in one of the ovaries ruptures, releasing a during mature ovum to begin its four- to five-day journey down a fallopian tube toward the uterus. PUBERTY? Ø SPERMATOZOA (sperm) are the male sex cells that carry a man's genetic material. In puberty, a boy’s body begins to produce an average of 2 million sperm per day. During sexual intercourse a man ejaculates up to 500 million sperm into the woman’s body.  The first stages of puberty in boys are the growth of the testes and scrotum, What accompanied by the first appearance of pubic hair. The growth spurt in height begins happens approximately one year later. The emergence of facial and body hair, and the lowering of the during voice, are relatively late developments. PUBERTY? The first sign of sexual maturation in girls usually is the elevation of the breast, although in about one-third of all adolescent girls the appearance of pubic hair comes first. – Menarche, the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development that reflects the culmination of a long series of hormonal changes.  A secondary sex characteristic is a physical characteristic of an organism that is related to or derived from its sex, but not directly part of its reproductive system. Secondary Sex Characteristics In humans, these characteristics typically start to appear during PUBERTY. Secondary Sex Characteristics of Female Secondary Sex Characteristics of Male  The Human Reproductive System consists of the male and female reproductive systems. Human The MALE REPRODUCTIVE system has one Reproductive function: to produce and deposit sperm. Systems The FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE system has two functions: to produce egg cells, and to protect and nourish the fetus until birth. Male Reproductive System Female Reproductive System  Human Sexual Response PHASES MALE RESPONSE FEMALE RESPONSE EXCITEMENT ln men, rhythmic contractions ln women, the muscles of - also known as of the muscles at the base of the vagina contract. The arousal stage the penis result in the uterus also undergoes which sometimes ejaculation of semen. rhythmic contractions. resulted from Both sexes’ blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are kissing and at their highest rates, with a rapid intake of oxygen. making out. PLATEAU The man's testicles are The vagina continues to - Extends to the withdrawn up into the swell and vaginal walls brink of orgasm scrotum. turn a dark purple. The woman's clitoris becomes highly sensitive and retracts under the clitoral hood to avoid direct stimulation from the penis.  Human Sexual Response PHASES MALE RESPONSE FEMALE RESPONSE ORGASM ln men, rhythmic contractions ln women, the muscles of - ending the of the muscles at the base of the vagina contract. The plateau phase of the penis result in the uterus also undergoes the sexual ejaculation of semen. rhythmic contractions. response cycle and the shortest phase among the cycle. RESOLUTION Penis decreases from its Women have the ability to - Refractory Period erect state. orgasm again very quickly, > allows the as long as they have muscles to relax, effective stimulation. blood pressure to drop and the body to slow down from its  Gender And Sexual Diversity (GSD), or simply sexual diversity, refers to all the diversities of sex characteristics, sexual orientations and gender identities, without the need to specify each of the identities, behaviors, or Diversity of characteristics that form this plurality. Human Sexuality Gender Bias is a preference or prejudice toward one gender over the other.  Pre-marital Sex ✓ A sexual activity practiced by people SEXUAL before they are married. HEALTH ✓ MORAL ISSUE: considered taboo in many cultures and a sin by a number of religions, ✓ Since 1960s, it has become more widely accepted, specially in Western countries. Sexually Transmitted Infection ✓ A condition that's passed from one person to another through sexual contact.  Most Common STI / STD SEXUAL 1. HIV / AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the most HEALTH advanced stage of the disease. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infection that attacks the body’s immune system. – HIV targets the body’s white blood cells, weakening the immune system. This makes it easier to get sick with diseases like tuberculosis, infections and some cancers. – HIV is spread from the body fluids of an infected person, including blood, breast milk, semen and vaginal fluids. It is not spread by kisses, hugs or sharing food. It can also spread from a mother to her baby. – HIV can be treated and prevented with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Untreated HIV can progress to AIDS, often after many years. STAGES OF HIV/AIDS SEXUAL HEALTH Most Common STI / STD 2. Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Some people may experience warts on the genitals, mouth, or throat. Certain types of HPV can lead to cancer, such as cervical or oral cancer.  Most Common STI / STD 3. Chlamydia. Symptoms may include SEXUAL painful urination, pain during sex, HEALTH abdominal pain, rectal pain, discharge, or bleeding. 4. Gonorrhea. Most common signs include abnormal discharge from the genitals, bleeding between periods (in women), and swollen testicles (in men). Both Chlamydia and Gonorrhea may be treated with antibiotics. FAMILY PLANNING Refers to a program which enables couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and to have access to a full range of safe, affordable, effective, non-abortifacient modem of natural and artificial methods of planning pregnancy. Natural vs Artificial Birth Control Natural Contraception Artificial Contraception. Natural family planning (also known as "fertility Preventing sperm from reaching the ovum awareness") is a kind of contraception in which (using condoms, diaphragms, etc. ), inhibiting a woman tracks and records several fertility ovulation (using oral contraceptive pills), signals during her menstrual cycle to determine preventing implantation (using intrauterine when she is most likely to become pregnant. devices), killing sperm (using spermicides), and preventing sperm from entering the seminal sac Increased freedom from expensive or far-flung are all artificial methods that are commonly medical care. used. Natural contraception methods are referred to It is simple to use. It does not affect sexual be "natural" since they are not mechanical and activity. do not involve hormone manipulation. Natural Birth Control Abstinence This natural method involves abstaining from sexual intercourse and is the most effective natural birth control method with ideally 0% fail rate (100% success rate). It is also the most effective way to avoid STIs. Natural Birth Control Calendar Method Involves refraining from coitus during the days that the woman is fertile. According to the menstrual cycle, 3 or 4 days before and 3 or 4 days after ovulation, the woman is likely to conceive. Example: Example: Natural Birth Control Coitus Interruptus (Withdrawal) The couple still proceeds with the coitus, but the man withdraws the moment he ejaculates to emit the spermatozoa outside of the vagina. The disadvantage of this method is the pre-ejaculation fluid that contains a few spermatozoa that may cause fertilization. Coitus interruptus is only 75% effective. Natural Birth Control Symptothermal Method The woman takes her temperature every morning before getting up and also takes note of any changes in her cervical mucus every day. She abstains from coitus 3 days after a rise in her temperature or on the fourth day after the peak of a mucus change. Symptothermal method has an ideal failure rate of 2%.  Natural Birth Control Lactation Amenorrhea Method Through exclusive breastfeeding of the infant, the woman is able to suppress ovulation through the method of lactation amenorrhea method. It is also best to advise the woman that after 3 months of exclusive breastfeeding, she must make plans of choosing another method of contraception.  1. The pill A pill with hormones in it that is taken every day. Prevents release of egg, and blocks sperm from meeting egg. 2. Injection Contains progestin that thickens the cervical mucus to stop the sperm cell It stops and delays ovulation. Hormone injection given every 2 months (NET-EN) or 3 months (DMPA) ARTIFICIAL BIRTH CONTROL Very effective when injections are on time. Between 80% to 90% effective 3. Female condom  Prevents release of egg, and blocks sperm from meeting egg. 2. Injection Contains progestin that thickens the cervical mucus to stop the sperm cell entering the uterus. It stops and delays ovulation. Hormone injection given every 2 months (NET-EN) or 3 months (DMPA) Very effective when injections are on time. Between 80% to 90% effective. 3. Female condom Plastic covering inserted into the vagina before sex. At least 80% effective. It has a higher failure rate than male condom. Is a barrier that keeps sperm out of the vagina. ARTIFICIAL BIRTH CONTROL Protects couples from sexually transmitted infections.  2. Injection 1. Male condom Contains progestin that thickens the cervical mucus to stop the sperm cell entering the uterus. ItPrevents stops andboth delayspregnancy ovulation. and sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS A thin rubber covering that fits over the erect penis. Hormone injection given every 2 months (NET-EN) or 3 months (DMPA) Is a barrier that keeps sperm out of the vagina. Very effective when injections are on time. Between 80% to 90% effective. 2. Vasectomy 3. Female It iscondom a surgical procedure for male sterilization or permanent contraception. The male va Plastic deferenscovering inserted are cut and into tiedthe vagina before or sealed sex.prevent so as to At least 80% effective. sperm It has a higher from entering failure into urethra. rate Morethanthan male99% condom. effective. Male vs Female Condom Is3-month a barrier delay in taking that keeps spermeffect. Couple out of the vagina.must use another method until then. Protects couples from sexually transmitted infections. ARTIFICIAL BIRTH CONTROL  A thin rubber covering that fits over the erect penis. Is a barrier that keeps sperm out of the vagina. 2. Vasectomy It is a surgical procedure for male sterilization or permanent contraception. The male vas deferens are cut and tied or sealed so as to prevent sperm from entering into urethra. More than 99% effective. 3-month delay in taking effect. Couple must use another method until then. ARTIFICIAL BIRTH CONTROL  the womb. Can be done right after you have a baby as well as other times. 4. Emergency contraceptive pills Pills taken after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. Can prevent up to 95% pregnancies when taken within 5 days after intercourse. Prevents or delays release of egg. Does not cause abortion. Can take up to 5 days after unprotected sex. Works best when taken as soon as possible after unprotected sex. ARTIFICIAL BIRTH CONTROL  1. Implants Small tubes placed under the skin of inner, upper arm; could last for 3 years. Hormones from the tubes blocks sperm from reaching egg and prevents release of egg. Specially trained provider inserts and removes implants. More than 99% effective. 2. IUD Small, flexible, plastic "T" wrapped in copper wire that is placed in the womb. Prevents sperm from meeting the egg. Specially trained provider inserts and removes IUD. It could last for 5 years ARTIFICIAL BIRTH CONTROL Can be put in right after you have a baby as well as at other times. 3. Female sterilization Permanent procedure to prevent pregnancy. More than 99% effective if done right.  More than 99% effective. 2. IUD Small, flexible, plastic "T" wrapped in copper wire that is placed in the womb. Prevents sperm from meeting the egg. Specially trained provider inserts and removes IUD. It could last for 5 years Can be put in right after you have a baby as well as at other times. 3. Female sterilization Permanent procedure to prevent pregnancy. More than 99% effective if done right. ARTIFICIAL Specially trained provider makesBIRTH one or two small cuts inCONTROL the fallopian tubes that carry eggs to the womb. Can be done right after you have a baby as well as other times.  Specially trained provider inserts and removes IUD. It could last for 5 years Can be put in right after you have a baby as well as at other times. 3. Female sterilization Permanent procedure to prevent pregnancy. More than 99% effective if done right. Specially trained provider makes one or two small cuts in the fallopian tubes that carry eggs to the womb. Can be done right after you have a baby as well as other times. 4. Emergency contraceptive pills Pills taken after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. Can prevent up to 95% pregnancies when taken within 5 days after intercourse. Prevents or delays release of egg. ARTIFICIAL BIRTH CONTROL Does not cause abortion. Can take up to 5 days after unprotected sex. Works best when taken as soon as possible after unprotected sex.