Reproductive & Sexual Health PDF

REPRODUCTIVE AND SEXUAL HEALTH JUDY F. CELIZ, MAN, RN FEMALE / MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ANA & PHYSIO MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM  MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM  Penis is the male organ for sexual intercourse. It ha...

REPRODUCTIVE AND SEXUAL HEALTH JUDY F. CELIZ, MAN, RN FEMALE / MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ANA & PHYSIO MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM  MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM  Penis is the male organ for sexual intercourse. It has three parts: the root, shaft and glans,  Scrotum is the loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind the penis. It contains the testicles has a protective function and acts as a climate control system for the testes  Testicles / Testes are responsible for making testosterone, the primary male sex hormone (endocrine function), and for generating sperm (exocrine function)  Epididymis It functions in the transport and storage of the sperm cells that are produced in the testes  MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM  Vas Deferens transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation  Urethra carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body  Seminal Vesicle produce a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that provides sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms' motility  Prostate gland contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate. Prostate fluids also help to nourish the sperm. Human Sexuality  Human Sexuality Is a multidimensional phenomenon that includes feelings, attitudes, beliefs and actions It encompasses and gives direction to a person’s physical, emotional, social and intellectual responses throughout life  Terms related to Sexuality 1. Biologic Sex / Gender:  used to denote chromosomal sexual development male (XY) & female (XX) 2. Gender Identity:  is the individual’s persisting inner sense of being male or female, masculine & feminine  its development was based on biologic sex & sociocultural reinforcement, which brings at birth with identification of the baby as male or female  Terms related to 3. Sexuality:Sexuality  includes all those aspects of the human being that relate specifically to being a boy or girl, man or woman  as a function of total personality, it is concerned with biological, psychological, sociological, spiritual & cultural variables of life 4. Sexual Identity/Sexual Orientation:  is the preference of one person for one sex or the other Types of Sexual Identity / Orientation: a. Heterosexual- one who is sexually attracted to one person of the opposite sex (“straight”) b. Bisexual – one who is attracted to persons of both sexes c. Homosexual - one who is sexually attracted to persons of the same sex (“gay”) & (“lesbian”) d. Transsexual- one`s belief that one is not the sex of one`s physical body but of the opposite sex Ex. trapped in the wrong body: sex change surgery 5. Gender Role Behavior:  the way a person acts, female or male including the expression of what is perceived as gender appropriate behavior  HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE - feelings & attitudes about sex vary widely; the sexual experience is UNIQUE to each individual. It is a combination of physiological responses and emotional responses (thoughts & feelings). A cycle with four discrete stages …  HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE 1. Excitement: It occurs with physical and psychological stimulation that causes parasympathetic nerve stimulation (sight, sound, emotion or thought). This leads to arterial dilation and venous constriction in the genital area; the blood supply in this area increases resulting in vasocongestion and increase muscular tension  HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE Excitement: In women, this vasocongestion results in:  increased size of clitoris  increased mucus in the vagina  vagina widens its diameter and length  nipples become erect  increased cardiac and respiratory rate  HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE Excitement: In men:  erection of the penis and nipples  there is scrotal thickening and testicle elevation  increased cardiac and respiratory rate  HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE 2. Plateau: The plateau stage is reached just before the orgasm In women:  the clitoris is drawn forward and retracts under the clitoral prepuce;  lower part of female vagina becomes congested;  there is increased nipple engorgement  HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE Plateau: The plateau stage is reached just before the orgasm  In men, vasocongestion leads in full distention of the penis  HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE 3. Orgasm:  It occurs when stimulation proceeds through the plateau stage to a point at which the body suddenly discharges accumulated sexual tension.  A vigorous contraction of muscles in the pelvic area dissipates blood and fluid from the area of congestion.  HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE Orgasm:  The average number of contractions in women is from 8-15 at intervals of one in every 0.8 sec  In men , muscle contraction surrounding the seminal vessels and prostate project semen into the proximal urethra  These contractions are followed by 3-7 propulsive ejaculatory contractions which force semen into the penis  HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE 4. Resolution: It is the period during which the external and internal organs return to an unaroused state- 30mins More than 50% of the erection is lost General muscle relaxation occurs, in men The inner 1/3 of the vagina gradually shrink and color returns to pre excitement phase HR and RR returns to normal  For the MALE, a REFRACTORY PERIOD occurs during which further orgasm is impossible.  For the FEMALE, there is MULTIPLE ORGASM.  SEXUALITY ISSUES & CONCERNS 1.Teenage sex 2. Premarital sex 3. STD 4. HIV/AIDS 5. Sexual harassment 6. Sexual abuse  ADOLESCENT HEALTH IN THE PHILIPPINES WHY DO TEENAGERS ENGAGE IN SEX? 1) To express love 40% 2) Curiosity 20% 3) Release urge 14% 4) Partners wanted sex 8% 5) Under influence of drugs 6%  MENSTRUAL CYCLE is the periodic uterine bleeding in response to cyclic hormonal changes is the process that allows for conception & implantation of a new life CHARACTERISTICS DESCRIPTION Beginning (Menarche) -onset 12 or 13 y/o, average 9-17 Interval between cycles -28 days, 23-35 days not usual Duration -2-7 days, 1-9 days not abnormal Amount -average 30-80ml. Color -dark red, combination of blood, mucus, & endometrial cells  Four body structures involved in the menstrual cycle: 1. HYPOTHALAMUS – secretes / release GnRH 2. ANTERIOR PITUITAR Y GLAND – releases: LH – responsible for ovulation - releases mature egg cell from ovary FSH – maturation of ovum 3. OVARIES – releases: ESTROGEN – secondary sex characteristics PROGESTERONE – thickens endometrium 4. UTERUS – flow of blood PHASE OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE ( UTERUS): 1. Proliferative – produces ESTROGEN in the follicular fluid - endometrium proliferates up to 8 folds - termed as “ estrogenic, follicular, postmenstrual” 2. Secretory – formation of PROGESTERONE in the corpus luteum - endometrium corkscrew/ twisted - termed as “progestational, luteal, premenstrual “ 3. Ischemic – decreased estrogen & progesterone 4. Menses - products discharged during menstrual flow: - blood from the ruptured capillaries - mucin from the glands - fragments of endometrial tissue - microscopic, atrophied & unfertilized ovum  MENSTRUAL CYCLE Low levels of Estrogen Stimulates hypothalamus to signal Anterior Pituitary Gland Release LHRH/GnRH Release of FSH/LH Growth (trophy) in the gonads ( ovaries) Ovum matures Graafian Follicle  Day 14 Before the end of the cycle, increase in LH from the pituitary Release of Prostaglandins Graafian follicle ruptures (OVULATION) FSH decreases, Increase in LH Corpus Luteum If unfertilized, regression of corpus luteum after 8-10 days Menstrual Flow  TEACHINGS ABOUT MENSTRUAL CYCLE AREA OF CONCERN: 1. Exercise 2. Sexual Relations 3. Activities of Daily Life 4. Pain relief 5. Rest 6. Nutrition End of Human Sexuality….. THANK YOU =)