The Physical and Sexual Self PDF

THE PHYSICAL A N D SEXUAL SELF Prepared by: Ms. Bianca Nuestro o Gonads- (reproductive glands that produce the gametes; testes or ovary) ✓ During the early stages of human development, the embryonic reproductive structures of males and females are alike and are s...

THE PHYSICAL A N D SEXUAL SELF Prepared by: Ms. Bianca Nuestro o Gonads- (reproductive glands that produce the gametes; testes or ovary) ✓ During the early stages of human development, the embryonic reproductive structures of males and females are alike and are said to be in the indifferent stage. ✓ The formation of male or female structures depends on the presence of testosterone. ✓ Any intervention with the normal pattern of sex hormone production in the embryo results in strange abnormalities. o Pseudohermaphrodites- are formed who are individuals having accessory reproductive structures that do not “match” their gonads. o Hermaphrodites- individuals who possess both ovarian and testicular tissues. Cryptorchidism o a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum. o Phimosis- due to a narrowing of the foreskin of the male reproductive structure and misplaced urethral openings.  pube r t y The period of life, generally between the ages of 10 and 15 years old, when the reproductive organs grow to their adult size and become functional under the influence of rising levels of gonadal hormones (testosterone in males and estrogen in females) Menarche- first menstrual period of females.  DISEASES ASSOCIATED W / THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM o Vaginal infections- more common in young and elderly women and in those whose resistance to diseases is low. o E.Coli- which spread through the digestive tract. o Painful or abnormal menses may also be due to infection or hormone imbalance.  DISEASES ASSOCIATED W / THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM o In males, the most common inflammatory conditions are prostatitis, urethritis, and epididymitis.  DISEASES ASSOCIATED W / THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM o Orchitis- inflammation of the testes o Prostate cancer- a common sequel to prostatic hypertrophy is a widespread problem in adult males  Erogenous zones o Refer to parts of the body that are primarily receptive and increase sexual arousal when touched in a sexual manner.  Human sexual behavior o Any activity– solitary, between two persons, or in a group– that induces sexual arousal (Gebhard, P.H. 2017)  Types o f b e h a v i o r 1. Solitary behavior- self-gratification means self- stimulation that leads to sexual arousal and generally, self-climax. Most self-gratification takes place in private as an end in itself, but can also be done in a sociosexual relationship. o Generally begins at or before puberty. o Nowadays, humans are frequently being exposed to sexual stimuli especially from advertising and social media,  Types o f b e h a v i o r o The challenge is to develop self-control in order to balance suppression and free expression.  Types o f b e h a v i o r 2. Sociosexual behavior A. Heterosexual- occurs between only one male and one female. It usually begins in childhood and may be motivated by curiosity, such as showing or examining genitalia.  Types o f b e h a v i o r o Petting - it differs from hugging, kissing, and generalized caresses of the clothed body to practice involving stimulation of the genitals. It may be done as an expression of affection and a source of pleasure, preliminary to coitus, - Petting has been regarded by others as a near- universal human experience.  Types o f b e h a v i o r o Coitus(Sexual Intercourse) - the insertion of the male reproductive structure into the female reproductive organ. A. Premarital Coitus B. Marital Coitus C. Extramarital Coitus D. Post marital Coitus  Types o f b e h a v i o r B. Homosexual- sexual contact between two people of the same sex.  Physiology o f human sexual response 1. Excitement phase Increase in pulse & blood pressure Rapid breathing Secretion of genital fluids Vaginal expansion General increase in muscle tension  Physiology o f human sexual response 2. Plateau phase- generally of brief duration 3. Sexual climax Intense pleasure Rapid increase in pulse rate & blood pressure Spasms of the pelvic muscle  Physiology o f human sexual response 4. Resolution phase- return to a normal or subnormal physiologic state. - females are physically capable of repeated orgasms without the intervening “rest period” required by males. Physiology o f human sexual response  Nervous system f a c t o r s TRANSMIT THE STIMULUS MESSAGE INITIATE SEXUAL RESPONSE -INTERPRET THE SENSORY MESSAGE AND DICTATE WHAT WILL BE THE IMMEDIATE SENDS COMMAND AND APPROPRIATE RESPONSE OF THE BODY The Spinal Cord serves as a great transmission cable, the muscles contract in response to the signal coming from the motor nerves while glands secrete their reproductive products.  Nervous system f a c t o r s The hypothalamus & the limbic system are parts of the brain believed to be responsible for regulating the sexual response. Apart from brain-controlled sexual response, there is some reflex sexual response.  Sexual problems 1. Physiological- least among the 3 categories. (vaginal infections, retroverted uteri, prostatitis, adrenal tumors, diabetes, senile changes of the vagina, and cardiovascular problems) 2. Psychological- usually caused by socially induced inhibitions, maladaptive attitudes, ignorance, and sexual myths lied by society.  Sexual problems Premature emission of semen is a common problem, especially for young males Erectile impotence is almost always of psychological origin in males under 40; in older males, physical causes are more often involved  Sexual problems Ejaculatory impotence- results from the inability to ejaculate in coitus. Vaginismus- a strong spasm of the pelvic musculature constricting the female reproductive organ so that penetration is painful or impossible.  SEXUALly TRANSMITTED DISEASES STDs infections transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person through sexual contact, it can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. 1. Chlamydia- In 2016, a total of 1, 598, 354 cases were reported to the CDC. 2. Gonorrhea 3. Syphilis 4. Chancroid 5. Human Papillomavirus- most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States.  N a t u r a l methods o f contraception A. Natural method- do not involve any chemical or foreign body introduction into the human body. 1 Abstinence- it involves refraining from sexual. intercourse and is the most effective natural birth control method with ideally 0% fail rate. 2. Calendar method- this method is also called as the rhythm method. It entails withholding from coitus during the days that the woman is fertile.  N a t u r a l methods o f contraception 3. Basal Body Temperature- indicates the woman’s temperature at rest. The woman must record her temperature every morning before any activity. A slight decrease in the basal body temperature followed by a gradual increase in the basal body temperature can be a sign that a woman has ovulated.  N a t u r a l methods o f contraception 3. Cervical Mucus Method- the change in the cervical mucus during ovulation is the basis for this method  N a t u r a l methods o f contraception 3. Cervical Mucus Method- the change in the cervical mucus during ovulation is the basis for this method  N a t u r a l methods o f contraception 4. Symptothermal Method- it is basically a combination of the BBT method and the cervical mucus method. 5. Ovulation detection- uses an over-the-counter kit that requires the urine sample of the woman.  N a t u r a l methods o f contraception 6. Coitus Interruptus- is one of the oldest methods that prevents conception. A couple still goes on with coitus, but the man withdraws the moment he ejaculates to emit the spermatozoa outside of the female reproductive organ. a r t i f i c i a l methods o f contraception 1. Oral Contraceptives- also known as the pill, oral contraceptives contain synthetic estrogen and progesterone. a r t i f i c i a l methods o f contraception 2. Transdermal Patch- contains both estrogen and progesterone. The woman should apply one patch every week for 3 weeks on the following areas: upper outer arm, upper torso, abdomen, or buttocks. a r t i f i c i a l methods o f contraception 3. Vaginal Ring- releases a combination of estrogen and progesterone and it surrounds the cervix. a r t i f i c i a l methods o f contraception 4. Subdermal Implants- are two rod-like implants inserted under the skin of the female a r t i f i c i a l methods o f contraception 5. Hormonal Injections- contains medroxyprogesterone, a progesterone, and is usually given once every 12 weeks intramuscularly. 6. Intrauterine device- it is a small, T-shaped object containing progesterone that is inserted into the uterus. a r t i f i c i a l methods o f contraception 7. Chemical Barriers- spermicides, vaginal gels and creams, and glycerin films. a r t i f i c i a l methods o f contraception 8. Diaphragm- It is a circular rubber disk that fits the cervix and should be placed before coitus. a r t i f i c i a l methods o f contraception 9. Cervical Cap- is made of soft rubber and fitted on the rim of the cervix, It is shaped like a thimble with a thin rim, and could stay in place for not more than 48 hours. a r t i f i c i a l methods o f contraception 10. Male Condoms- it is a latex or synthetic rubber sheath that is placed on the erect male reproductive organ 11. Female Condoms- are made up of latex rubber sheaths that are pre-lubricated with spermicide. a r t i f i c i a l methods o f contraception 12. Surgical methods- during vasectomy, a small incision is made on each side of the scrotum. The vas deferens is then tied, cauterized, cut, or plugged to block the passage of the sperm. In women, tubal ligation is performed after menstruation and before ovulation. The procedure is done through a small incision under the woman’s umbilicus that targets the fallopian tube for cutting, cauterizing, or blocking to inhibit the passage of both the sperm and the ova.