Personality in Context Chapter 14 PDF

PERSONALITY CHAPTER 14  WEEKLY WRITING WHICH CONTEXTS INFLUENCE YOUR PERSONALITY AND HOW?  PERSONALITY IN CONTEXT WHY ARE WE STUDYING THIS? BECAUSE MODERN RESEARCH SHOWS US THAT OUR PERSONALITIES ARE SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCED BY CONTEXT. THIS ISN’T NECESS...

PERSONALITY CHAPTER 14  WEEKLY WRITING WHICH CONTEXTS INFLUENCE YOUR PERSONALITY AND HOW?  PERSONALITY IN CONTEXT WHY ARE WE STUDYING THIS? BECAUSE MODERN RESEARCH SHOWS US THAT OUR PERSONALITIES ARE SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCED BY CONTEXT. THIS ISN’T NECESSARILY A SINGLE, SYSTEMATIC THEORY, BUT RATHER A SERIES OF THINGS WE’VE FOUND THROUGH RESEARCH REGARDING CONTEXT THE CONCEPTS WE COVER IN THIS CHAPTER ARE IMPORTANT IN THAT THEY TELL US WHAT WE’RE LEARNING ABOUT CONTEXT. YOU CAN PROBABLY APPLY THEM TO MANY OTHER THEORIES THIS CHAPTER WILL NOT FOLLOW THE STRUCTURE-PROCESS-GROWTH- CHANGE PARADIGM WE’VE BEEN WORKING WITH SO FAR  PERSONALITY IN CONTEXT OUTLINE: INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP CONTEXTS PERSONALITY CONSISTENCY IN CONTEXT SOCIOECONOMIC CONTEXT LIFESPAN CONTEXTS CULTURE  PERSONALITY IN CONTEXT INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP CONTEXT IMPORTANT BECAUSE THIS IS THE MOST SIGNIFICANT CONTEXT IN OUR LIVES RELATIONSHIPS ARE IMPORTANT BECAUSE THEY’RE A 2-WAY STREET…WE MUTUALLY AFFECT ONE ANOTHER – OUR PERSONALITY QUALITIES CHANGE HOW WE INTERPRET BEHAVIOR EXAMPLE: REJECTION SENSITIVITY – A STYLE OF THINKING CHARACTERIZED BY ANXIOUS EXPECTATIONS OF INTERPERSONAL REJECTION. THIS CAN WEAKEN RELATIONSHIPS THIS INCLUDES ASSUMING THINGS ARE INTENTIONALLY HURTFUL, THE PERSON IS HARBORING REJECTION THOUGHTS, RESISTANT/AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT, ETC THIS IS ALSO A CONTEXTUAL TRAIT – IT ONLY APPEARS IN INTERPERSONAL CONTEXTS  PERSONALITY IN CONTEXT MORE INTERPERSONAL CONTEXT CONCEPTS HOT VS COOL FOCUS: WE TOUCHED ON THIS LAST CHAPTER; WHEN REJECTED, DO PEOPLE FOCUS ON THE EMOTIONS (HOT) VS EVENTS (COOL) FOCUSING ON HOT INSTEAD OF COOL CONCEPTS CREATES MORE EMOTIONS, MORE ANGER, STRONGER FEELINGS OF REJECTION DEFENSIVE PESSIMISM: THIS IS A PERSONALITY VARIABLE THAT INVOLVES THINKING IN A NEGATIVE WAY ABOUT A SKILL/RELATIONSHIP REGULARLY. THIS HELPS THEM MOTIVATE THEMSELVES TO ATTAIN HIGHER PERFORMANCE OPTIMISTS AND DEFENSIVE PESSIMISTS DO EQUALLY WELL AT SCHOOL, BUT FOLLOW DIFFERENT EMOTIONAL PATHS; OPTIMISTS PREDICT WELL, PESSIMISTS PREDICT POORLY, BUT PERFORM WELL THIS TENDENCY SEEMS TO BE JUST AN ACADEMIC ISSUE  PERSONALITY IN CONTEXT PERSONALITY CONSISTENCY THE WAY WE THINK ABOUT OUR PERSONALITY INFLUENCES THE MEANINGS OF DIFFERENT CONTEXT AND MAKES THINGS INTERRELATED FOR US KNOWLEDGE-AND-APPRAISAL PERSONALITY ARCHITECTURE PERSONALITY ARCHITECTURE: OVERALL DESIGN OF EMOTIONAL AND COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS THAT CREATE OUR PERSONALITY FUNCTIONING KNOWLEDGE AND APPRAISAL: TWO DIFFERENT PARTS OF THINKING (WHAT WE KNOW, VS HOW WE EVALUATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OURSELVES AND OUR SITUATION OUR APPRAISALS CHANGE AMONG ENVIRONMENTS THIS ARCHITECTURE CHANGES HOW WE APPROACH DIFFERENT SITUATIONS, OUR SENSE OF SELF-EFFICACY, AND WHICH SCHEMAS ARE ACCESSED IN DIFFERENT SITUATION  PERSONALITY IN CONTEXT Socioeconomic Context Much of what we’ve talked about so far is based in Modern, Western culture. What about the rest of the world? Do the same rules apply to a college student in the suburbs, a child in the inner city, a farmer in the middle of Mexico, a person who grew up in a communist country, and a person living in Somolia? Theorists have been trying to create a broad, applicable theory Is this the right way to go about things? Or could different traits or attributes have different impacts or meanings in different socioeconomic settings?  PERSONALITY IN CONTEXT Example for socioeconomic context: Impulsivity Low socioeconomic areas may have fewer opportunities to learn self-control, and more opportunities for delinquent behavior, whereas affluent areas have more opportunities for self-control, and fewer opportunities for delinquent behavior Therefore, impulsivity will create a different outcome in each setting The biggest problem with this type of research is cause  PERSONALITY IN CONTEXT PERSONALITY FUNCTIONING ACROSS THE LIFESPAN SO FAR WE’VE TALKED GENERALLY ABOUT PERSONALITY; BUT HOW DOES IT CHANGE OVER TIME? PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE IN THE LATER YEARS: OLD AGE IS ACCOMPANIED BY MANY DIFFICULTIES AND CHALLENGES, BUT OLDER ADULTS ARE EQUALLY WELL-OFF AS MIDDLE AGED PEOPLE WE’VE LEARNED THAT AS WE AGE, WE LOSE SOME QUALITIES, BUT GAIN OTHERS WE SELECT PARTICULAR DOMAINS OF LIFE WHERE WE FOCUS ENERGY AND KNOWLEDGE BY DOING THIS, WE ARE ABLE TO BE MORE RESILIENT  PERSONALITY IN CONTEXT OLDER ADULTS SOCIOEMOTIONAL SELECTIVITY THEORY – OUR AGE, ABILITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES DETERMINE WHAT WE’RE MOTIVATED TO DO AND WHERE OUR WORTH LIES OLDER ADULTS FOCUS ON PEOPLE, RATHER THAN LONG- TERM GOALS  PERSONALITY IN CONTEXT CULTURE TWO WAYS OF THINKING ABOUT THIS: PERSONALITY PRIMARY VS CULTURE PRIMARY PERSONALITY AND CULTURE: PERSONALITY IS UNIVERSAL, AND CULTURE MAY INFLUENCE IT EXAMPLE: WE LOOK FOR SUPPORTING EVIDENCE OUTSIDE OF WESTERN CULTURE; DOES THAT MEAN THAT CONTRARY EVIDENCE DOESN’T EXIST? DO OUR RESEARCH FINDINGS GENERALIZE ACROSS CULTURES? DISCUSSION: IS CULTURAL REALLY THIS PERIPHERAL? SHOULD WE TREAT IT THIS WAY?  PERSONALITY IN CONTEXT CULTURE AND PERSONALITY WHAT IF CULTURE IS AT THE CORE OF PERSONALITY? WE GET OUR SENSE OF WHO WE ARE FROM CULTURE, BUT WE ALSO MAKE AND INFLUENCE CULTURE THERE IS NO CULTURE-FREE PERSONALITY, AND NO PEOPLE-FREE CULTURE IF THIS IS INTERESTING TO YOU, CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY MAY BE RIGHT UP YOUR ALLEY! EXAMPLE: SOME PEOPLE HAVE DIFFERENT PERSONALITIES IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES ANYONE SPENT A LOT OF TIME IN ANOTHER CULTURE? WHAT WAS IT LIKE?  PERSONALITY IN CONTEXT IN FACT, PERSONALITY AND THE IDEA OF “SELF” ARE BOTH SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED WITHIN CULTURE EXAMPLE: INDEPENDENT AND INTERDEPENDENT VIEWS OF SELF ACROSS CULTURES HOW HARD IS THIS FOR US TO UNDERSTAND?