Personality Chapter 14
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Questions and Answers

What does the socioemotional selectivity theory suggest about older adults?

  • They focus on enhancing abilities rather than emotional connections.
  • They prioritize long-term goals over immediate relationships.
  • They are motivated to engage with others rather than pursue distant aspirations. (correct)
  • They experience a decline in their motivation altogether.

    • How does culture influence personality according to the content?

  • Culture has no significant effect on personality traits.
  • Cultural differences are trivial when assessing personality.
  • Personality remains constant regardless of cultural context.
  • Personality is shaped by cultural experiences and context. (correct)

    • What is a key reason older adults can maintain psychological resilience according to the content?

  • They avoid focusing on specific life domains.
  • They become less interested in social interactions.
  • They depend solely on external support systems.
  • They gain knowledge and energy in selected areas of life. (correct)

    • What idea is conveyed regarding personality and the concept of 'self'?

    <p>Both personality and self are socially constructed within cultural contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider cultural psychology in the study of personality?

    <p>Culture may provide context that alters personality characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do interpersonal relationships play in shaping personality?

    <p>They are significant as personal qualities influence interpretations of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does rejection sensitivity impact interpersonal relationships?

    <p>It can lead to misinterpretations and weaken relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes defensive pessimism?

    <p>It is a negative thought pattern about skills or relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of focusing on 'hot' emotions rather than 'cool' events when experiencing rejection?

    <p>It results in stronger feelings of rejection and anger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context does rejection sensitivity manifest as a trait?

    <p>In contexts where interpersonal relationships are involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is linked to personality consistency across different contexts?

    <p>Consistency varies depending on context and relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do socioeconomic factors influence personality?

    <p>They can shape opportunities and experiences affecting personality development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in lifespan contexts that affects personality development?

    <p>Developmental stages and experiences greatly influence personality growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional paths do optimists and defensive pessimists take in school performance?

    <p>Optimists predict well and defensive pessimists predict poorly, but both perform well.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does personality architecture influence our approach to situations?

    <p>It changes how we perceive our self-efficacy and the schemas we access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way might impulsivity have different outcomes in various socioeconomic settings?

    <p>Low socioeconomic areas may provide fewer learning opportunities for self-control, affecting impulsivity outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect does personality consistency relate to?

    <p>The interrelation of our thoughts about personality influenced by context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do personality traits potentially differ across socioeconomic contexts?

    <p>Different traits might have varied meanings and impacts based on socioeconomic factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary concern in researching personality functioning across the lifespan?

    <p>Understanding how different environments affect personality evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do appraisals play in the context of personality architecture?

    <p>They evolve based on different environmental contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the implications of culture on personality development?

    <p>Personality development may be influenced variably depending on cultural context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Personality: Chapter 14

    • Personality is significantly influenced by context, not just a single theory
    • Concepts in this chapter are important because they can be applied to many other theories
    • This chapter will not follow the structure-process-growth-change paradigm
    • Personality in context:
      • Interpersonal relationship contexts: these are vital and influential as they are two-way streets; people mutually affect each other. Examples include rejection sensitivity (anxious expectations of rejection)
      • Personality consistency in context: how we think about personality influences the meanings of different contexts
      • Socioeconomic context: important to note cultural differences and how these differences affect personality
      • Lifespan contexts: personality changes over time; older age brings both challenges, and opportunities for different qualities. Socioemotional selectivity theory is relevant here, as older adults prioritize relationships over long-term goals.
      • Culture: Personality is influenced by culture. Personality is not universal. Two fundamental ways of thinking about this is via Personality Primary vs Culture Primary, and personality and universal and influenced by culture. Cultural psychology may be relevant to those interested in these aspects of personality. Social construction of personality and the concept of self are key concepts.

    Personality in Context: Outline

    • Interpersonal relationship contexts
    • Personality consistency in context
    • Socioeconomic context
    • Lifespan contexts
    • Culture

    Personality in Context: Interpersonal Relationship Context

    • Important because it's a two-way street
    • People mutually affect one another, and qualities change how behavior is interpreted
    • Examples include rejection sensitivity (characterized by anxious expectations of interpersonal rejection)
    • Rejection sensitivity can weaken relationships

    Personality in Context: Hot vs Cool Focus

    • When rejected, people focus on emotions (hot) or events (cool)
    • Focusing on emotions can lead to more anger, stronger feelings of rejection, and more intense feelings

    Personality in Context: Defensive Pessimism

    • A personality variable where people think negatively about skills or relationships
    • This type of thinking can improve performance

    Personality in Context: Personality Consistency

    • The way we think about personality influences the meanings of different contexts
    • Knowledge-and-appraisal personality architecture
      • Overall design of emotional and cognitive symptoms
      • Knowledge and appraisal: two distinct parts, knowing something and evaluating the relationship with oneself in the situation
      • Appraisals vary by environment
      • Architecture affects our approach to situations, our sense of self-efficacy, and which schemas we access in specific situations

    Personality in Context: Socioeconomic Context

    • Current theories are influenced by Western culture
    • Important questions include if the same rules apply across different socioeconomic backgrounds
    • Impulsivity might have different outcomes depending on the socioeconomic setting (higher impulsivity could be interpreted more negatively in affluent settings compared to low socioeconomic settings)
    • Different traits, characteristics, and attributes have different meanings and effects in different socioeconomic settings.

    Personality in Context: Lifespan Context

    • How does personality change as we age?
    • Older age can bring difficulties and challenges, but older adults can be just as mentally well off as middle-aged people
    • Older adults may lose some qualities as they age, but they can also gain other qualities
    • Selection of particular life domains that are priorities helps older adults focus energy and knowledge. This focus supports resilience.
    • Socioemotional selectivity theory- age, abilities, and opportunities determine what we're motivated to do and where our worth lies

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    Personality in Context Chapter 14 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the multifaceted nature of personality as discussed in Chapter 14. It highlights the significance of context in understanding personality traits and how interpersonal relationships, socioeconomic factors, and lifespan changes contribute to personality development. Test your knowledge on various theories and their applications in real-world situations.

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