African Civilizations - Unit 3 - PDF

DOMAIN SOCIAL Unit 3 African Civilizations Lesson 1 Land and Resources of Africa Lesson 2 Ancient African Civilizations Lesson 3 Traditional African Art Lesson 4 West African Islamic Civilizations Lesson 5 Africa from Colon...

DOMAIN SOCIAL Unit 3 African Civilizations Lesson 1 Land and Resources of Africa Lesson 2 Ancient African Civilizations Lesson 3 Traditional African Art Lesson 4 West African Islamic Civilizations Lesson 5 Africa from Colonialism to Independence Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates 65  This term you will learn about African civilizations. You’ll explore the geography, economics, culture, people, and history of the African continent from ancient times to the present-day. Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates 66 Unit 3 African Civilizations Lesson 1 Land and Resources Learning Outcomes: of Africa describe the land, rivers, mountains, and physical geography of Africa. Vocabulary Orange River Nile River Zambezi River Congo River Niger River Sahara Desert Great Rift Valley Kalahari Desert Mount Kilimanjaro Cape of Good Hope Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates 67 Warm up: Discussion When you think of African resources, what comes to mind? Many of the resources that we use in our everyday lives originate in Africa. List them the mind map in the appropriate categories. Fuels Minerals RESOURCES Special animals WE USE Foods and landscapes EVERY DAY FROM AFRICA Precious Stones Raw materials for textiles Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates Unit 3 Lesson 1 68  Moral, Social & Cultural Studies | Grade 08 | Term 1 Geography of Africa Africa is surrounded by two major oceans, the Indian Ocean on its east and the Atlantic Ocean on its west. Along Africa’s north coast is the Mediterranean Sea. Physical Geography of Africa Map. Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates 69 Africa is joined to the Asian continent at the Suez Peninsula. The Suez Canal connects the Red Sea along the northeast coast of Egypt and Sudan. It was built in the late 19th century to allow ships to pass from Sahel region outside of Niamey, capital of Niger the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. Africa contains two major deserts. The Sahara Desert is the world’s largest desert. The Sahara covers more than 4,800 kilometres from the coast of Western Sahara to the Nile River Valley in Egypt. It is so large that entire countries like China or the United States would fit within its boundaries. The other desert is the Kalahari Desert in South Africa. The Sahel is an inhabitable area that borders the Sahara Desert. It stretches down into grassy savannah lands where raising crops and grazing animals is possible. Timbuktu and Djenne are located in the Sahel. The West African coast is divided among various countries that were formerly colonized by the French and British. Nigeria is rich in oil resources and is a major exporter of petroleum products. Lagos is a port city The busy port of Lagos, capital city of Nigeria and the capital of Nigeria. Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates Unit 3 Lesson 1 70  Moral, Social & Cultural Studies | Grade 08 | Term 1 Activity 1: Map Review Find the Sahara Desert in the map at the beginning of the lesson. List five countries in North Africa that border the Sahara Desert. M A T L E Activity 2: Map Activity Use the map at the beginning of the lesson to identify major rivers in Africa. List one city or feature that is nearby or on each river. River Name Nearby City or Feature Nile Congo or Zaire Zambesi Orange Niger Senegal Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates 71  The modern city of Dakar, port and capital city of Senegal The Rift Valley and East Africa The Rift Valley of eastern Africa was created by plate tectonics. Movements of the earth over millions of years caused a split or “rift” in the earth’s crust. The Rift runs about 7,000 km from the country of Jordan and Red Sea in the North through East Africa and down to central Mozambique. Splits in the rock formations revealed Rift Valley in Ethiopia layers or strata of geological rock formations that date back hundreds of thousands and millions of years. Geologists and physical anthropologists found ancient human remains in the Rift Valley at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania and Lake Turkana in Kenya. Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates Unit 3 Lesson 1 72  Moral, Social & Cultural Studies | Grade 08 | Term 1 Activity 3: Map Activity Find the Great Rift Valley on the map. List the countries that the Rift Valley runs through. Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates 73  _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates Unit 3 Lesson 1 74  Moral, Social & Cultural Studies | Grade 08 | Term 1 Activity 4: Interpreting Images Write 1 or 2 sentences describing each picture. Identify the main land formation in each description listed in the box. fields with river with mountain valley flat plain farmland waterfall ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates 75  ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates Unit 3 Lesson 1 76  Moral, Social & Cultural Studies | Grade 08 | Term 1 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates 77  ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates Unit 3 Lesson 1 78  Moral, Social & Cultural Studies | Grade 08 | Term 1 Central Africa and South Africa Central Africa is dominated by the Congo Basin. In it are large tropical rain forests as well as one of Africa’s principal river systems, the Zaire River, also known as the Congo River. It is an area rich in mineral resources and rare metals. Container ship on the Congo River African Congo Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates 79 South Africa is separated from the Congo Basin Katanga Plateau and by the Kalahari Desert. It is a rich agricultural and mineral area, with gold and diamond mines. Cape of Good Hope, South Africa Johannesburg, capital of South Africa Rain falling on grasslands in Kalahari, Namibia Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates Unit 3 Lesson 1 80  Moral, Social & Cultural Studies | Grade 08 | Term 1 Activity 5: Gap Fill Activity Circle the correct answer. You may use the map at the beginning of the lesson to help you. The Sahel is found in ____________. 1. ɮ Central ɮ South ɮ West Africa ɮ East Africa Africa Africa The Sahel is a ________________. ɮ grassland ɮ coastal ɮ desert region where little or no 2. savannah that plain that human or economic activity can borders the is mostly take place desert area of the agricultural Sahara The Rift Valley is known for __________________. 3. ɮ diamonds ɮ the earliest and gold that are signs of human ɮ tropical rain forests mined habitation The Blue Nile and White Nile are two tributaries of the Nile River that join at which capital city? 4. ɮ Khartoum, ɮ Cairo, capital capital city of ɮ Addis Ababa, capital city of city of Egypt Ethiopia Sudan Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates 81  Dakar is the capital of which country? 5. ɮ Ethiopia ɮ Nigeria ɮ Senegal Lagos is the capital of which country? 6. ɮ Sudan ɮ Senegal ɮ Nigeria Activity 6: Concept Check European explorers and merchants established settlements along the coast of Africa to ship products to sell in other parts of the world. What are some of the products you think were shipped. Write sentences describing products or natural resources found in Africa that would have been new to Europeans in the 17th century. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © Ministry of Education – United Arab Emirates Unit 3 Lesson 1 82