Chapter 1 Transportation Engineering PDF

Chapter 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g54oba All about moving goods and people from one place to another. Transportation Safe, efficien...

Chapter 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g54oba All about moving goods and people from one place to another. Transportation Safe, efficient, reliable, and sustainable movement of persons and goods over time and space. application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation, and management of facilities for any Transportation Engineering mode of transportation in order to provide for the safe, rapid, com- fortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods that phase of transportation engineering which deals with the planning, geometric design and traffic operations of roads, streets, Traffic Engineering and highways, their networks, terminals, abutting lands, and rela- tionships with other modes of transportation 1. The principal objective of traffic engineering is to provide a safe system for road traffic including pedestrians and bicycles. 2. Provision of efficient management & operations of road trans- port network Primary Objectives 3. Other objectives can be: - Sustainability - Environmental impacts - Comfort & convenience of the user - Economy 1. Land Modes of Transportation 2. Air 3. Water 1. Humans had migrated by their feet 2. Use domesticated animals to carry goods 3. Built machines and devices, like sleds and travois, to help them carry more. 4. Establishing trading routes History of transportation engineering 5. Well-used paths became more and more permanent. 6. These paths became the first roads 7. Maintain the roads and look at ways in which they could be made easier to travel 8. The first transportation engineers. 1. Change in values of the public 2. Changes in the technology Four critical dimensions of change in transportation system 3. Change in operational policy 4. Change in the demand 1. Vehicular Traffic 2. Road Conditions Components of the Traffic Systems 3. Driver Characteristics 4. Environmental Conditions 5. Control Devices Vehicular Traffic Cars, Buses, Trucks, Taxis Road Conditions Motorway, Highway, Urban Arterial, Rural roads Driver Characteristics Young, Drunk, Experienced, Learner's License Environmental Conditions Rainy, Sunny, Foggy, Night-time conditions Control Devices Signalised/Unsignalised 1. Multi-disciplinary 2. Multi-sector The characteristics of transportation System 3. Multi-problem 4. Multi-objective 5. Multi-modal 1. Infrastructure Elements of a transportation system 2. Vehicles 3. Operators/Content 1/4 Chapter 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g54oba includes Road, canal, rail, air Transfer points Supporting elements Infrastructure (signs, signals, safety) Vehicles includes Planes, trains, autos, buses, ships, trucks Operators/Content includes Drivers, pilots, freight, passengers 1. Economic role of transportation 2. Social role of transportation Role of transportation in society 3. Environmental role of transportation 4. Other impacts Transportation contributes two kinds of utilities (place and time utility) 1. Economic role of transportation The value of goods depends on where they are and when they are there. -Growth of Urban Centers 2. Social role of transportation -Size and Pattern of Settlement -Formation of settlements -Safety -Air Pollution 3. Environmental role of transportation -Noise pollution -Energy consumption -Aesthetics 4. Other impacts -social life and social pattern 1. Transportation Planning 2. Geometric Design Major disciplines of transportation 3. Pavement Design 4. Traffic Engineering 1. Transportation Planning involves the development of a transport model Deals with physical proportioning of other transportation facilities -Cross-sectional features 2. Geometric Design -Horizontal alignment -Vertical alignment and -Intersections Deals with the structural design of roads, both (bituminous and concrete) 3. Pavement Design -Drainage design -Functional design -Structural design covers a broad range of engineering applications with a focus on -The safety of the public 4. Traffic Engineering -The efficient use of transportation resources, and -The mobility of people and goods. 1. Public transportation 2. Financial and economic analysis Additional disciplines of transportation 3. Environmental impact assessment 4. Accident analysis and reduction 5. Intelligent transport system - study of the transportation system that meets the travel need of 1. Public transportation several people by sharing a vehicle - tries to quantify the economic benefit which includes saving in 2. Financial and economic analysis travel time, fuel consumption, etc - attempts in quantifying the environmental impacts and tries to 3. Environmental impact assessment evolve strategies for the mitigation and reduction of the impact due to both construction and operation - looks at the causes of accidents, from the perspective of human, 4. Accident analysis and reduction road, and vehicle and formulate plans for the reduction. 2/4  Chapter 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g54oba - offers better mobility, efficiency, and safety with the help of the 5. Intelligent transport system state-of-the-art technology 1. Economic Factors 2. Geographical Factor 3. Political Polices Factors in Transportation Development 4. Military 5. Technological Factor 6. Urbanization 7. Competition 1. Accessibility Effectiveness of the Transportation Modes 2. Mobility 3. Productivity refers to the cost of getting to and from the mode in question, and Accessibility depends primarily on geographical extensiveness. Highway system all individual property have direct access to a public road a direct access is possible only at port facilities located on the Water transportation banks of navigable rivers, canals, or the seacoast Mobility described in terms of speed or travel time. some measure of the total amount of transportation provided per unit time. Amount of transportation is usually thought of as the Productivity product of the volume of the goods or passengers carried and distance. Costs described in terms of capital costs and operating costs. major items that must be purchased before an enterprise can function. Capital cost (1) right-of-way costs (2) construction costs of the facilities (3) costs of acquiring vehicles and other equipment. e day-to-day expenditures involved in carrying out the enterprise, and are usually thought of as including the costs of labor, fuel, Operating Costs expendable parts such as tires or batteries for vehicles, and the maintenance of facilities and equipment described in terms of the extent to which the mode in question Markets carries passengers or freight 1. Urban Travel Classifications of Passenger Markets 2. Intercity Travel 3. Intercity Markets 1. Urban Travel within a single urban area 2. Intercity Travel between urban areas depends on the trips either short (less than 160 km), medium (160 3. Intercity Markets - 800 km) and long trips (greater than 800 km) the dominant transportation Highway System In addition to private vehicles, the highway system is used by truck lines and bus lines. 1. High accessibility to almost all potential destinations. 2. Direct service with a very low door-to-door travel times Major service characteristics of the Highway System 3. Moderate line-haul speeds 4. Moderate capacities for physical facilities vary a great deal depending on the type and Capital Cost capacity of roadway, but on the whole are moderate relatively small, and hence individual vehicles tend to be cheaper Vehicles and more readily available than for most other modes Operating Costs 3/4  Chapter 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g54oba tends to be relatively high due to total investments in vehicles and facilities. Operating private passenger vehicle id often lower than that of competing public passenger modes highly specialized mode traditional mass transit modes such as buses, streetcars, and light Urban Transit rail and rail rapid transit, as well as paratransit modes such as jeepneys and tricycles 1. Commuters or Choice Riders Two groups of transit passenger 2. Captive Riders 1. Commuters or Choice Riders persons making work trips into dense central business districts. 2. Captive Riders those without access to automobiles includes commercial airlines, airfreight, carriers, and general avi- Air Transportation System ation (private aircrafts). particularly long-distance travel. The primary service characteris- tics of air transportation 1. High line-haul speed Major Market is intercity passenger travel 2. Accessibility is limited - less important due to great length of most trips made by air. 3. Capacities of Individual aircrafts are moderate, but productivity is high due to the very high speeds consists of coastwise ocean shipping and barge lines operating on inlang waterways Water transportation System Provides low speed and relatively low accessibility, but extremely high capacities. constitute a highly specialized freight transportation system - Markets is almost entirely crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas. Pipelines - They provide very low-speed, high-capacity continuous flow transportation, and involve large amount of working storage. - Costs are low. are used extensively for transportation of freight within industrial complexes. Cable and belt system - Are used for specialized passenger transportation systems such as ski lifts and moving belts in airports 1. User Charges 2. General Fund Revenues The System for Financing Transportation (sources of funds) 3. Private Investments 4. Cross-subsidization include direct charges such as fares and toll and, more important- ly, indirect sources such as fuel taxes. Major share of the financing 1. User Charges comes from the users and some degree proportional to the extent of their use of the system collected by the different level of government are derived from regular taxes. The General fund has no particular relationship 2. General Fund Revenues between the source of funds and the activity on which they are spent. occurs in the parts of the transportation system that are normally under private control and in cases where public agencies issue 3. Private Investments franchises, as in the case of toll facilities, or purchase services under contract occurs when revenues collected from users of one type of trans- portation system are used to finance some other type of system. 4. Cross-subsidization A common example in recent years has been the use of gasoline tax revenues and bridge tolls to finance public transits 4/4