Introduction To Transportation Engineering PDF

LESSON 01 INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING WHAT IS TRANSPORTATION? Transportation is all about moving goods and people from one place to another. It is also safe, efficient, reliable, and sustainable movement of persons and goods over time and space. WHAT IS TRANSPORTATION? Transp...

LESSON 01 INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING WHAT IS TRANSPORTATION? Transportation is all about moving goods and people from one place to another. It is also safe, efficient, reliable, and sustainable movement of persons and goods over time and space. WHAT IS TRANSPORTATION? Transportation is all about moving goods and people from one place to another. It is also safe, efficient, reliable, and sustainable movement of persons and goods over time and space. WHAT IS TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING? Transportation engineering is a type of civil engineering which focuses on the infrastructure of transportation: all the elements which support the movement of goods and people. Transportation engineers design runways, build bridges, layout roads and plan docking facilities. They look at traffic patterns, determine when new transport facilities are needed and come up with better ways to get from point A to point B. WHAT IS TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING? Also, Application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation, and management of facilities for any mode of transportation in order to provide for the safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods.  THE SOLUTION TO TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS MUST BE: 1. Analytically B ased 2.Economically Sound 3. Socially Credible 4.Environmentally Sensitive 5. Practically Acceptable and Sustainable  THE TRANSPORATION SOLUTION SHOULD BE: 1. Safe 2. Rapid 3. Comfortable 4.Convenient 5. Economical 6. Eco-friendly for both men a nd material  CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSPORTATION February SYSTEM April Covering all modes of transport - air, land, and sea for both MULTI-MODAL passengers and freight Encompassing the problems and viewpoints of governm ent, private MULTI-SECTOR industry, and public Ranging across a spectrum of issues that includes national and MULTI-PROBLEM international policy, planning of regional system, the location and design of specific facilities, carrier management issues, regulatory, institutional and financial policies Aiming at national and regional economic development, urban MULTI-OBJECTIVE development, environmental quality, and social quality, as well as service to users and financial and economic feasibility Drawing on the theories and methods of engineering, econom ics, operations research, political science, psychology, other natural and MULTI-DISCIPLINARY social sciences, management and law THE CONTEXT IN WHICH TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IS ALSO VERY DIVERSE AND ARE MENTIONED BELOW: 01 PLANNING RANGE Urb an T ransp ortation Planning , Prod ucing long rang e p lans for 5 - 25 y ears for multi -mod al transp ortation sy stems in urb an areas as well as short rang e p rog rams of action for less than fiv e y ears. 02 PASSENGER TRANSPORT Reg ional p asseng er transp ortation, d ealing with inter -city passenger transport by air, rail, and highway and possible new mod es. 03 FREIGHT TRANSPORT Routing manag ement, choice of d ifferent mod es of rail and truck. 04 INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT Issues such as containerization, inter -mod al coord ination ELEMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE VEHICLES OPERATORS/CONTENT MAJOR DISCIPLINES OF TRANSPORTATION 1.TRANSPORTATION PLANNING Transport at ion planning essent ially involves t he development of a t ransport model which will accurat ely represent bot h t he current as well as fut ure t ransport at ion syst em. 2. GEOMETRIC DESIGN It deals wit h physical proport ioning of ot her t ransport at ion facilit ies, in cont rast wit h st ruct ural design of t he facilit ies. The t opics include feat ures, horizont al alignment , vert ical alignment and int ersect ions. 3. PAVEMENT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN It deals wit h t he st ruct ural design of roads. It deals wit h t he design of pav ing mat erials, det erminat ion of t he layer t hickness, and const ruct ion and maint enance procedures. The design mainly covers st ruct ural and funct ional aspect s. St ruct ural design ensures t he pavement has enough st rengt h t o wit hst and t he impact of loads, funct ional design emphasizes riding qualit y, and t he drainage design prot ect s t he pavement from damage due t o wat er infilt rat ion. 4. TRAFFIC ENGINEERING Traffic Engineering covers a broad range of engineering applicat ions wit h a focus on t he safet y of t he public, t he efficient use of t ransport at ion resources, and t he mobilit y of people and goods. Traffic engineering involves a variety of engineering and management skills, including design, operat ion, and sy st em opt imizat ion. OTHER IMPORTANT DISCIPLINES 1.PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 2. FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 3. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 4. ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND REDUCTION 5. INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM FACTORS IN TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT 1.ECONOMIC FACTORS 2.GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS 3.POLITICAL POLICIES 4.MILITARY 5.TECHNOLOGICAL FACTOR 6.COMPETITION 7.URBANIZATION ROLES OF TRANSPORTATION IN THE SOCIETY 1. ECONOMIC ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION 2.SOCIAL ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION 3.ENVIRONMENTAL ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION 4.URBANIZATION ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF TRANSPORTATION 1. SAFETY 2.AIR POLLUTION 3.NOISE POLLUTION 4.ENERGY CONSUMPTION 5.OTHER IMPACTS MODES OF TRANSPORTATION 1. ROAD TRANSPORTATION 2.RAIL TRANSPORTATION 3.PIPELINES 4.MARITIME TRANSPORTATION 5.AIR TRANSPORTATION 6.INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION ROAD TRANSPORTATION Road Infrastructures are large consumers of space with the lowest level of physical constraints among transportation modes. Road transportation has an average operational flexibility as vehicles can serve several purposes but are rarely able to move outside roads. Road transport system s have high maintenance costs, both for the vehicles and infrastructures. They are m ainly linked to light industries where rapid movements of freight in sm all batches are the norm. Yet, with containerization, road transportation has become a crucial link in freight distribution. RAIL TRANSPORTATION Railways are composed of traced paths on which are bou nd vehicles. They ha ve a n a verage level of physical constrains linked to the types of locom otives a nd a low g radient is required, pa rticularly f or f reight. PIPELINES Pipe lin e routes are practically u nlimite d as they can be laid on land or unde r water. The lo ngest gas pipe line link s Alberta to S arn ia ( Can ada) , which is 2 ,911 k m in length. The longest oil pipeline is the Transiberian, extending over 9, 344 km from the Russian arctic oilfie lds in eastern Siberia to Western Europe. MARITIME TRANSPORTATION Because of the ph ysic al propertie s of water confe rring buoyancy and limited fric tion, maritime transportation is the most e ffe ctive mode t o move large quantitie s of cargo over long distances. More than an y other modes, maritime transportation is lin ked to he avy industrie s, such as steel and petrochemical facilitie s adjacent to port sites. AIR TRANSPORTATION Air tran sport con straints are multidimensional and include the site ( a commercial plane needs about 3, 300 meters of ru nway for lan ding and tak eoff), the climate, fog, and aerial currents. Air activitie s are linked to the tertiary and qu aternary sectors, notably finance and tourism, wh ich le an on the long -distance mobility of people. More recently, air tran sportation has been accommodating gro wing quantities of high value fre ight and is playing a growing role in global logistics.