CHAPTER 1 THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVE_20240811_213335_0000.pdf

CHAPTER 1: THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVE BY: JUVY C. GAMBOA  MODULE 1: THE PHILOSOPHICAL VIEW OF SELF ''Knowing oneself is the beginning of all wisdom'' by Aristotle SOCRATES (469-2399 BC): KNOW THY SELF having knowledge about self is a fu...

CHAPTER 1: THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVE BY: JUVY C. GAMBOA  MODULE 1: THE PHILOSOPHICAL VIEW OF SELF ''Knowing oneself is the beginning of all wisdom'' by Aristotle SOCRATES (469-2399 BC): KNOW THY SELF having knowledge about self is a fulfilling state towards achieving good life. self-examination of who you are and what you want in this dynamic world is essential. knowing one's self is a true wisdom  PLATO (428 BC-347 BC): Self-knowledge Self-knowledge is recognizing the perimeters of his own ability and skills-what he cannot do and can do.  ST. AUGUSTINE to RENE DESCARTES: Si fallor sum;and Cogito, Ergo Sum a healthy person has inner peace while those who experience inner disharmony might have personal difficulties. an individual has a part of self-called the ''inner self''.  RENE DESCARTES (1596-1650) believe that a self is a thinking thing who has a rational mind that is capable of perceiving, investigating, analyzing,experimenting and developing well-reasoned conclusions with correct evidences.  JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704) Personal identity believe that self is identical with consciousness and unconsciousness.  DAVID HUME (1711-1776)- No-Self Theory self does not exist. a person a year ago will never be the same person now because of the emotions, behaviors, memories and experiences he gained over time.  IMMANUEL KANT (1724-1804) there is an underlying synthetic unity of consciousness that can connect all these sensations to come up with meaningful perceptions. Kant believed that there are two components of the self: 1) inner self 2) outer self  MODULE 2: CONCEPT OF SELF IN THE 19TH CENTURY SIGMUNDO FREUD (1856-1939) ID, EGO, SUPER EGO 3 levels of mind a. conscious mind- refers to the things that we are aware of like participating in school event, taking the exam or dancing. b. preconscious mind- which lie in the middle of consciousness and unconsciousness. it contains thoughts and feelings that we might not be aware at present, but can be brought to consciousness. c. unconscious mind- is beyond our awareness like our dreams, urges, hopes and mannerisms.  3 DISTINCT SYSTEMS OF HUMAN PSYCHE 1. The id (or It) is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that is entirely unconscious. It is also known as the pleasure principle because it avoids pain and seeks pleasure. It contains sexual and aggressive drive, and hidden memories that we are completely unaware of.  3 DISTINCT SYSTEMS OF HUMAN PSYCHE 2. The ego (or I) which also referred as the reality principle is like the tip of the iceberg that tries to mediate between the unreasonable id and external world.  3 DISTINCT SYSTEMS OF HUMAN PSYCHE 3. The super-ego (or above I) is the moral principle that serves as the conscience of self. It is bounded by the morality and values of the society.  GILBERT RYLE (1900-1976): The Self is How You Behave Ryle believed that the core in dividing the self should be observable behavior. However, his approach in behaviorism is a logical one by developing clearer conceptual and linguistic understanding of the real nature of self, and not on developing techniques to condition or to manipulate human behavior.  MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY (1908-1961): Embodied Self The body cannot be known in an absolute objective way because ''I live in my body''. The 'lived body' is a unified experience of mind, body, and soul, and should not be separately described.  PAUL M. CHURCHLAND (1942-present): Identity Theory Our mind and identity or individuality is based on unique neurological assemblies of one type of brain function. ''Brains are not magical; they are causal machines''-P. Churchland  MODULE 3 SOCIOLOGY It is a systematic study how society affects people and vice versa. Sociology came from Latin word socius which means companion, and Greek word logos which mean study of; if put together it means ''reasoned speech in companionship''. SELF in MODERN SOCIETY