Introduction To Anatomy Chapter 1 Terminology Study PDF

introduction to anatomy Prepared By Prof. Amjad Al-Shatarat Dr.Ala’a Yousef Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Aqaba Medical sciences university 2024 1  anatomy Is...

introduction to anatomy Prepared By Prof. Amjad Al-Shatarat Dr.Ala’a Yousef Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Aqaba Medical sciences university 2024 1  anatomy Is the science that studies: A- body structures and relations among these structures. B- Levels of structural organization in the body. From the smallest to the largest of body components, they are: 1. Cellular level: The basic structural and functional units e.g.. epithelial cells. 2. Tissue level: A group of similar cells that perform a specific function. e.g. muscular tissue 2  anatomy 3. Organ level: Composed of different types of tissues that perform specific functions. 4. System level: A group of related organs that have a common function. e.g.. Digestive system. 5. Body level. Human body 3  Medical Language Most derived from Latin and/ Greek language. Important for clear communication in Medicine. 4  Basic word parts Word Root……..Origin of the word. eg: Gastr = Stomach Suffix ………Word ending. Gastr / ic……… Related to. Gastr / it is……….Inflammation. Gastr / ectomy………..Removal. ………/ Logy……….Science 5 Prefix Word beginning. Epi Above eg: Epi/gastr /ic Hypo Below eg: Hypo/gastr /ic Anti Against eg: Anti/bio /tic A NO eg: A/vascular 6 Combining Vowel Joining the root to another or to the suffix. [Usually O] eg: Gastr /o/logy Gastr /o/intestinal Gastr /o/ hepatic  ANATOMICAL POSITION The anatomical position is the standard reference position of the body used to describe the location of structures. based on the assumption that the person is: 1- Standing erect 2- The upper limbs by the sides 3- The face and palms of the hands directed forward 4-Feet by the sides  Various parts of the body are described in relation to certain imaginary planes Sagittal 2 Vertical planes Coronal This is why we need to know the difference between them 1 Horizontal OR Transverse  A-Vertical planes 1-The Sagittal Plane Passes through the center of the body Divides the body into right and left halves Types: 1- median sagittal plane; Divides the body into equal right and left halves 2-Coronal Plane Is an imaginary vertical plane at right angles to the median plane and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts  B- Transverse, horizontal, divide the body into superior and inferior parts  Terms to describe location sternum posterior Anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) Anterior describe the position of structures relative to the 'front' and 'back' of the body. For example, the nose is anterior to the ears and the vertebral column is posterior to the sternum. vertebral column  Medial and lateral Medial and lateral describe the position of structures relative to the median sagittal plane and the sides of the body. Any structure situated nearer to the median plane of the body than another is said to be medial to the other. Similarly, a structure that lies farther away from the median plane than another is said to be lateral to the other For example, the thumb is lateral to the little finger.  Superior and inferior Superior and inferior describe structures in reference to the vertical axis of the body. For example, the head is superior to the shoulders and the knee joint is inferior to the hip joint.  Proximal and distal are used with reference to being closer or farther from a structure's origin, particularly in the limbs. For example, the hand is distal to the elbow joint. Cranial (towards the head) and caudal (towards the tail) are sometimes used instead of superior and inferior respectively Superficial…….Nearer to body surface Deep………… Away from body surface