Environmental Studies (CIE 1072) Past Paper PDF

Environmental Studies (CIE 1072) An Update on Major Environmental Issues, and an Introduction to Environmental Science and Sustainability 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 1  Course outcome CO1: Dis...

Environmental Studies (CIE 1072) An Update on Major Environmental Issues, and an Introduction to Environmental Science and Sustainability 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 1  Course outcome CO1: Discuss the role of Environmental Science, its multidisciplinary nature in conservation of global environment. CO2: Describe the natural resources, utility and the role of ecosystems in maintaining planetary cycles. CO3: Discuss types, sources, and prevention and control measures of pollution. CO4: Discuss laws, acts and policies related to environmental protection in India. CO5: Describe types, mitigation and management techniques of disaster. 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 2  References oBenny Joseph, Environmental Studies, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi (2008). oStudent guide: Environment Reader for Universities, based on UGC syllabus published by Centre for Science and Environment, (2017) oMohan kanda, Disaster Management in India evolution of institutional arrangements & operational strategies. (2017) 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 3  Significance of Environmental Studies oInculcating attitude and values towards understanding interdependence of nature, man and work towards sustainable development. oConservation of energy and fast depleting natural resources. oImparting knowledge about waste management, treatment and disposal. oDevelop social responsibility towards environment protection. 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 4  Major Environmental Issues oOzone Layer Depletion oResource Depletion oPollution oExtinction oGlobalWarming 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 5  Major Environmental Issues Ozone Layer Depletion Source: wikimedia 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 6  Major Environmental Issues Ozone Layer Depletion- Solved! 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 7  Major Environmental Issues Trends of various Ozone-depleting gases like HCFC,CFC, Bromomethane, carbon tetrachloride 9/16/2024 EVS 2021 8 Source: wikimedia  Major Environmental Issues Resource Depletion Tragedy of the Commons Source: NTU 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 10  Major Environmental Issues Ground Water Examples of Tragedy Depletion of the Commons Overfishing World’s marine fisheries catches 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 11 Pauly Pauly D D&& Zeller Zeller D D (2016) (2016)  Major Environmental Issues Solutions? oGovernment Intervention? oPrivatization? oLocal Management? oIs there a technological solution? There is no definite solution 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 12 9/16/2024 EVS 2021 13  Major Environmental Issues Pollution NASA vox.com 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 14 nytimes.com 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 15  Major Environmental Issues Extinction 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 16  Major Environmental Issues Global Warming Data source: NASA/GISS Credit: NASA Scientific Visualization Studio 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 17  Charles David Keeling Courtesy: howstuffworks.com 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 18 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 19 The Keeling Curve 9/16/2024 EVS 2021 20 So what? 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 21  Ice Core 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 Courtesy: The Telegraph 22  Ice Core Drilling Courtesy: Frontier Scientists 9/16/2024 EVS 2021 23  Image credit: Havard/Jeremy Shakun 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 24  IPCC, 2007A 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 25  Evidences 1.Shrinking ice sheets : The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have decreased in mass. Data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment show Greenland lost an average of 286 billion tons of ice per year between 1993 and 2016, while Antarctica lost about 127 billion tons of ice per year during the same time period. 2.Declining Arctic sea ice : Both the extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly over the last several decades. ( Image: Visualization of the 2012 Arctic sea ice minimum, the lowest on record) Source : UCAR centre for science education 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 26  3.Extreme events : The number of record high temperature events in the United States has been increasing, while the number of record low temperature events has been decreasing, since 1950. The U.S. has also witnessed increasing numbers of intense rainfall events. 4.Ocean acidification : Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the acidity of surface ocean waters has increased by about 30 percent. This increase is the result of humans emitting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and hence more being absorbed into the oceans. The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the upper layer of the oceans is increasing by about 2 billion tons per year. Source : 9/16/2024 UCAR centre for science education EVS 2024 27 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 28  Temperature change under different scenarios 9/16/2024 EVS 2021 El-Beltagy and Madkour, 2012 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 30 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 31 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 32  Sustainable Development “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs” 1987 report of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 33  Sustainable Development What is Sustainable about Development? What is development? How do you measure sustainability in the current paradigm of development? Is your definition of sustainability in line with environmental sustainability? 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 34  Sustainable Development What is development? Gross Domestic Product (GDP) “GDP measures the monetary value of final goods and services—that is, those that are bought by the final user—produced in a country in a given period of time”- IMF Measurement of throughput of natural resources 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 35  Sustainable Development Challenges to Sustainable Development Rising income inequality ( Economical Kuznets curve) Environmental degradation ( Environmental Kuznets curve) Economical Kuznets curve : Refers to relating growth and income redistribution. Environmental Kuznets curve : Refers to relating growth and environment. 9/16/2024 EVS 2021 36  Sustainable Development How to measure sustainability? For the case of development- Sustainable growth For the case of the environment- Environmental sustainability Environmental sustainability requires that we don’t consume non renewable resources. In such a scenario, GDP should be close to zero. Sustainable Growth ≠ Environmental Sustainability 9/16/2024 EVS 2021 37  Simon Kuznets 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 38 Kuznets Curve Courtesy: Wikipedia.org 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 39 Kuznets Curve 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 40 Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Courtesy: perc.org 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 41 9/16/2024 EVS 2024 42