Chapter 1 Review Solutions PDF

The following diagrams represent animal cells at various stages of the cell cycle. Name the stage/phase that each diagram represents and briefly describe what is happening in each of the diagrams. 1. Interphase: The three stages of interphase are called G1, S, and G2. G1 Phase – maj...

The following diagrams represent animal cells at various stages of the cell cycle. Name the stage/phase that each diagram represents and briefly describe what is happening in each of the diagrams. 1. Interphase: The three stages of interphase are called G1, S, and G2. G1 Phase – major period of growth for a cell and new molecules are synthesized S Phase – DNA is replicated and exists as chromatin G2 Phase – synthesis more molecules before mitosis This stage is 90% of the cell life cycle 2. Prophase: 4. Metaphase: 3. Lining up 5. Anaphase: 6. Telophase: 7. Cytokinesis :  DIFFUSION & OSMOSIS W ORKSHEET Vocabulary A selectively permeable membrane Diffusion Concentration Osmosis Use your notes and the terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks for the following 8 questions. Words may be used more than once. 1) Concentration refers to the amount of a substance in a given space. 2) Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. 3) A selectively permeable membrane allows some materials to pass through it but keeps other materials out. 4) Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. 5) Diffusion moves wastes from inside a cell to outside a cell. 6) A selectively permeable membrane can be compared to a window screen. 7) Osmosis happens when water particles move from a place where their concentration is higher to a place where their concentration is lower. 8) Diffusion is the process by which oxygen is moved into and carbon dioxide is moved into a cell. Use the following diagram to answer questions 9 to 11 A B C A 9) Which diagram shows an isotonic solution? 10) Which diagram shows a hypertonic solution? C 11) Which diagram shows a hypotonic solution? B  Golgi Apparatus Name__________________________________________ Per_______Date___________________ THE CELL CYCLE WORKSHEET Matching: match the term to the description A. Prophase B. Interphase D. Metaphase E. Anaphase C.Telophase/Cytokinesis. _E_ 1. The sister chromatids are moving apart. __E_ 9. The chromosomes are moving towards _A_ 2. The nucleolus begins to fade from view. the poles of the cell. __C__ 3. A new nuclear membrane is forming __D_ 10. Chromatids line up along the equator. around the chromosomes. __A__ 11. The spindle is formed. __C__ 4. The cytoplasm of the cell is being divided. __B__ 12. Chromosomes are not visible. __C__ 5. The chromosomes become invisible. __B__ 13. Cytokinesis is completed. __D__ 6. The chromosomes are located at the _Cytokinesis_ 14. The cell plate is completed. equator of the cell. __B__ 15. Chromosomes are replicated. _A___ 7. The nuclear membrane begins to fade from view. __C__ 16. The reverse of prophase. __C__ 8. The division (cleavage) furrow __A__ 17. The organization phase appears. Fill in the blank: Some will be used more than once. A. Prophase D. Metaphase G. Chromatid J. Spindle fiber B. Interphase E. Anaphase H. Cytokinesis K. Cell plate C. Telophase F. Centromere I. Mitosis _____F_________21. What is the name of the ______B_______ 18. What phase are daughter structure that connects the two cells in as a result of mitosis? chromatids? ______E________19. During what phase of mitosis _____G_________22. In a chromosome pair do centromeres divide and the connected by a centromere, what chromosomes move toward their is each individual chromosome respective poles? called? ____I + H______ 23. What are the two parts of cell _______A_______20. What is the phase where division? chromatin condenses to form _____J________24. What structure forms in chromosomes? prophase along which the chromosomes move? _____D_________25. Which phase of mitosis is the _______K_____ 28. What forms across the center last phase that chromatids are of a plant cell near the end of together? telophase? ______B________26. Which phase of the cell cycle ______B_______29. The period of cell growth and is characterized by a non-dividing development between mitotic cell? divisions? ______J________27. What structure is produced when protein fibers radiate from centrioles? The diagram below shows siz cells in various phases of the cell cycle. Note the cells are not arranged in the order in which the cell cycle occurs. Use the diagram to answer questions 1-7. ____Prophase__ 1.Cells A & F show an early and a late stage of the same phase of the cell cycle. What phase is it? ____C_______ 2.Which cell is in metaphase? ____A + F_____ 3.Which cell is in the first phase of M phase (mitosis)? ____Centriole_ 4.In cell A, what structure is labeled X? ___D,A,F,C,E,B_ 5.List the diagrams in order from first to last in the cell cycle. _____Interphase 6. What is the longest phase of the cell cycle? _____Animal____ 7. Are the cells depicted plant or animal cells? a. Explain your answer. There is no cell wall b. If it were the other type of cell what would be different in the diagrams? Cells would be rectangular in shape and a cell wall would be shown in telophase. Short Answers 8. Why is mitosis important? Allows cells to replicate resulting in identical daughter cells. Allows for growth + repair 9. Predict what would happen if an individual had faulty spindle fibers. Chromosomes would not separate properly 10. Predict what would happen if cytokinesis was skipped. A cell with multiple nuclei would result 11. Explain why different kinds of cells in the body might live for different lengths of time. Some are exposed to more elements and prone to move damage (ie skin cells), others more protected (ie brain cells) 12. At which time of year would mitosis in a plant occur most frequently? Explain why? Spring- growth of leaves, requires a lot of cell division 13. Some drugs that combat cancer inhibit mitosis. What effect might this have on healing times? Slow down healing. Cell division needed to make new cells to replaces damaged cells.  Cell Organelles and Their Functions Name_______________________________ Date______________ Below is a list of the organelles found in plant and animal cells. Match the organelle with the function it carries out inside a cell. Many of the cell organelles will be used more than once. 1) Cell Membrane 8) Cytoplasm 15) Nucleolus 2) Cell Wall 9) Cytoskeleton 16) Nucleoplasm 3) Central Vacuole 10) Golgi apparatus 17) Nucleus 4) Centriole 11) Leukoplast 18) Ribosome 5) Chloroplast 12) Lysosome 19) Rough endoplasmic reticulum 6) Chromoplast 13) Mitochondria 20) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 7) Chromosome 14) Nuclear membrane 21) Vacuole 17 1. This is the control center of the cell. 7 2. This is made of DNA and is the storage area for all genetic information. 18 3. This is the site of protein synthesis in a cell. 14 4. This porous structure surrounds the nucleus, keeping it intact. 19, 20 5. This internal membrane system is so extensive that it accounts for more than half the total membrane in a cell. 10 6. When newly formed proteins leave the rough endoplasmic reticulum, they are transported to this organelle, where the proteins are sorted and packaged. 15 7. This part of the cell manufactures the ribosomal subunits. 12 8. This part of the cell is surrounded by a very thick outer membrane to protect the rest of the cell from its strong enzymes. 8 9. The portion of the cell that exists outside of the nucleus. 1 10. The part of the cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell. 17 11. The part of the cell where chromosomes would be found. 19, 20 12. This membrane connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. 12 13. This part of the cell contains strong digestive enzymes to break down proteins, carbohydrates and lipids into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. 18 14. These are the most numerous of the cell’s organelles. 13 15. This serves as the “powerhouse” of the cell. 20 16. The place where lipids are manufactured. 7 17. This part contains the instructions for making proteins and other important molecules. 9 18. This organelle consists of two types of fibers called microfilaments and microtubules. 4, 12 19. Choose 2 of the organelles from the list above that would never be found in a plant cell. 5, 13, 17 20. These three organelles all are surrounded by a double membrane.  16 21. This is the semi-fluid portion found inside the nucleus. 19 22. Newly made proteins are inserted into spaces of this organelle where they are modified and shaped into functioning proteins. 10 23. This organelle puts the “finishing touches” on proteins before they are shipped off to their final destinations. 2, 3, 5, 6, 1124. Choose 5 organelles from the list above that would never be found in an animal cell. 3 25. This large structure in a plant cell is filled with water creating turgor pressure. 5 26. This is the site of photosynthesis in a plant cell. 18 27. These may be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. 13 28. This part of the cell contains internal folds of membrane called cristae. 9 29. This part of the cell is involved with cell movement, cell shape and the separation of chromosomes during cell division. 5 30. This organelle has the unique ability to absorb the energy from the sun and convert it into a molecule of glucose. 6 31. This organelle contains pigments of all colors except green. 11 32. This organelle serves as a storage area for starch in a plant cell. 20 33. The type of endoplasmic reticulum to which no ribosomes are attached. 21 34. This serves as a storage area inside an animal cell. 2 35. This organelle is composed of tough, stringy cellulose fibers. 19 36. The type of endoplasmic reticulum to which ribosomes are attached. 10 37. This organelle is often found near the cell membrane. It consists of a stack of flattened sacs. 12 38. This organelle helps to “clean up” or destroy any debris that might build up inside the cell. 5 39. This organelle has an internal membrane system called thylakoids. 13 40. This is the site of cellular respiration. 9 41. This is an internal framework and support system to give shape and organization to a cell. 2, 3 42. What two structures give the plant the strength and support needed to stand upright? 5 43. This part contains the green pigment chlorophyll. 6 44. This organelle gives fruits and flowers their color. 1, 7-10, 13-20 45. Which of the above would be found in both plant cells and in animal cells?