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Questions and Answers
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?
- Prophase
- Telophase
- Anaphase (correct)
- Metaphase
In interphase, the chromosomes are clearly visible under a microscope.
In interphase, the chromosomes are clearly visible under a microscope.
False (B)
What is the name of the structure that forms in the cell during cytokinesis?
What is the name of the structure that forms in the cell during cytokinesis?
cell plate
The phase where the nucleolus begins to fade from view is called __________.
The phase where the nucleolus begins to fade from view is called __________.
Match the phase of the cell cycle to its corresponding description:
Match the phase of the cell cycle to its corresponding description:
What happens during telophase?
What happens during telophase?
During metaphase, the chromosomes are located at the equator of the cell.
During metaphase, the chromosomes are located at the equator of the cell.
The structure that connects two chromatids is called the __________.
The structure that connects two chromatids is called the __________.
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by a non-dividing cell?
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by a non-dividing cell?
Mitosis allows for the growth and repair of tissues by producing identical daughter cells.
Mitosis allows for the growth and repair of tissues by producing identical daughter cells.
What structure is formed when protein fibers radiate from centrioles?
What structure is formed when protein fibers radiate from centrioles?
What phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
What phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
The longest phase of the cell cycle is ______.
The longest phase of the cell cycle is ______.
Cytokinesis occurs during the Metaphase of the cell cycle.
Cytokinesis occurs during the Metaphase of the cell cycle.
Match the mitotic phase with its correct description:
Match the mitotic phase with its correct description:
What term describes the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane?
What term describes the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane?
The _______ phase is the longest part of the cell cycle, consisting of G1, S, and G2.
The _______ phase is the longest part of the cell cycle, consisting of G1, S, and G2.
If an individual has faulty spindle fibers, what might happen?
If an individual has faulty spindle fibers, what might happen?
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Skipping cytokinesis would result in a cell with multiple nuclei.
Skipping cytokinesis would result in a cell with multiple nuclei.
At what time of year does mitosis in plants occur most frequently, and why?
At what time of year does mitosis in plants occur most frequently, and why?
What happens to a plant cell when it is placed in a hypotonic solution?
What happens to a plant cell when it is placed in a hypotonic solution?
An example of a selectively permeable membrane is the cell wall.
An example of a selectively permeable membrane is the cell wall.
During the _______ phase of mitosis, chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
During the _______ phase of mitosis, chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
Flashcards
Prophase
Prophase
The first stage of mitosis where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle fibers form.
Metaphase
Metaphase
The stage of mitosis where chromosomes align at the center of the cell, along the metaphase plate.
Anaphase
Anaphase
The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase
Telophase
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Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
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Centromere
Centromere
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Chromatid
Chromatid
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Spindle Fiber
Spindle Fiber
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Interphase
Interphase
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What is the role of spindle fibers in mitosis?
What is the role of spindle fibers in mitosis?
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What is the significance of cytokinesis?
What is the significance of cytokinesis?
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What are the key characteristics of interphase?
What are the key characteristics of interphase?
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Why is mitosis important for growth and repair?
Why is mitosis important for growth and repair?
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What happens if cytokinesis is skipped?
What happens if cytokinesis is skipped?
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What are the stages of mitosis?
What are the stages of mitosis?
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What are the potential consequences of faulty spindle fibers?
What are the potential consequences of faulty spindle fibers?
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Why do different cell types have varying lifespans?
Why do different cell types have varying lifespans?
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Study Notes
Cell Cycle
- The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication
- The three stages of interphase are G1, S, and G2
- G1 phase: Major growth period for the cell with synthesis of new molecules
- S phase: DNA is replicated
- G2 phase: Synthesis of further molecules before mitosis
- This stage is 90% of the cell life cycle
Prophase
- Chromatin condenses, becoming visible chromosomes
- Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell
- Spindle fibers form, coordinating chromosome movement
- Nucleolus disappears
- Nuclear envelope/membrane breaks down
Lining Up
- Spindle fibers move chromosomes to the middle of the cell, called the equator or metaphase plate
- Chromosomes move to opposite poles along spindle fibers
- Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate
Metaphase
- Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome
- Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate, the center of the cell
Anaphase
- Chromosomes separate at the centromere
- Separated chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles by spindle fibres
- The poles move farther apart
Telophase
- Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles
- Daughter nuclei form around each set of chromosomes, now less visible under a microscope
- Cytokinesis begins, the cell division process
Cytokinesis
- Animals: Cleavage furrow forms around the equator of the cell, cell splits into two
- Plants: Cell plate forms between the two new cells, new cell wall fuses with existing cell walls, separating the two new cells
Mitosis
- The process of cell division that yields two genetically identical daughter cells
- Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis are the stages in mitosis
Interphase
- The cell grows and replicates its DNA, essential for subsequent cell division
- The longest phase of the cell cycle
- Divided into G1, S, and G2 phases
Other Key Concepts
- Centromere: The region where two sister chromatids are joined
- Chromatid: One of two identical copies of a chromosome, joined at the centromere
- Chromosome: Structure of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information
- Spindle fibers: Protein structures that guide chromosome movement during cell division
- Cell plate: Forms during plant cell cytokinesis, creating a new cell wall between daughter cells
- Cleavage furrow: Forms during animal cell cytokinesis, pinching the cell in two
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