Chapter 1 - Part 2 - Introduction to Psychology (2-slides) PDF

We define psychology today as the scientific study of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (inner thoughts and feelings). 38 1) Structuralism 2) Functionalism 3) Psychoanalysis 4) Gestalt...

We define psychology today as the scientific study of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (inner thoughts and feelings). 38 1) Structuralism 2) Functionalism 3) Psychoanalysis 4) Gestalt 5) Behaviourism 6) Humanism (contemporary?) 7) Cognitive (contemporary?) 40 1  Maslow (1908-1970) Rogers (1902-1987) Maslow and Rogers emphasized current environmental influences on our growth potential and our needs for love and acceptance. 41 Emphasis on the potential for good } Abraham Malsow (1908-1970) believed our behaviours are impacted by our motivations to survive (low-level) and later by other higher-level factors (e.g., esteem) – hierarchy of needs } Carl Rogers (1902-1987) developed client- centred therapy focused on unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy 42 2  } Ulric Neisser (1928-2012) credited as the father of cognitive psychology and coined the term cognitive psychology } Noam Chomsky (1928-) a linguist who believed the sole focus on behaviour was short-sighted ◦ BF Skinner versus Chomsky 43 Biopsychology (Neuroscience) & Evolutionary Psychology } How biology (nervous system) influences immediate behaviour ◦ Sleep, drug use/abuse, neural plasticity } How biology (more broadly) influences immediate and lasting behaviours ◦ Darwin’s natural selection (the variations that are advantageous to survival are called adaptive variations) ◦ Caveat: today’s behaviours are a product of yesterday’s environment 44 3  Sensation and Perception } Interdisciplinary subject } Our perception of sensory stimuli impacts our experiences Cognitive Psychology } Focuses on mental processes } Very broad in scope à cognitive sciences ◦ Problem solving, language, development, and even therapy 45 Developmental Psychology } Processes related changes across the lifespan Personality Psychology } Thoughts and behaviours that make us unique } The Big Five (OCEAN or CANOE) personality traits ◦ Stable over one’s lifespan 46 4  Social Psychology } How we interact with and relate to each other } Milgram, Zimbardo, Asch Industrial-Organizational Psychology } Applied branch of psychology } Using theory in workplaces ◦ Personnel management, organizational structure, and hiring decisions 47 Health Psychology } Biopsychosocial model – health is impacted by an interaction of multiple variables ◦ Public policy, education, and interventions Sports & Exercise Psychology } Psychological aspects of sports performance ◦ Anxiety, managing physical and emotional well-being 48 5  Clinical Psychology } Diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders/adjustment } Most widely known and popularized through media Forensic Psychology } Within the context of the justice system ◦ Competency to stand trial, eye-witness testimonies, and children’s testimonies 49 } What is Psychology? } History of Psychology } Contemporary Psychology } Careers in Psychology 50 6  1) APPLIED research Research with a strict means to a practical end (attempting to solve a problem) 2) BASIC research Acquiring knowledge for the sake of knowing- expanding one’s knowledge ______________ 51 Applied- goal oriented Basic- knowledge ______________ 52 7  Undergraduate (~4-years) } BSc or BA } Honours degree (research thesis) Masters (~1-2 years) } MSc or MA, others e.g. MAPS PhD (3-4 years) } PhD programs in any contemporary discipline } Clinical programs; PhD, or PsyD 53 Branches of Psychology } Academic – professors (teaching and doing research) } Clinical and Counselling - therapists } Applied – schools, marketing, research institutions, etc. 54 8  APPLIED Psychologist What s/he does Industrial/ Studies and advise on behavior in Organizational the workplace. Helps people cope with academic, Counseling vocational, and marital challenges. Study, assess, and treat people Clinical with psychological disorders ______________ 55 A clinical psychologist (Ph.D. or Psy.D) studies, assesses, and treats troubled people with psychotherapy. Psychiatrists on the other hand are medical professionals (M.D.) who use treatments like drugs and psychotherapy to treat psychologically diseased patients. 56 9  Careers in Psychology Other Applied social School/Educational Industrial/Organizational Clinical Experimental Developmental Clinical-Neuropsychology Counselling 57 58 10  Brightspace Chapter Quizzes (20%) Best 6 of 8 quizzes count There will be 8 Chapter quizzes presented in the D2L Brightspace course. When we finish a chapter in class, the quizzes will become accessible to you for 72hr (3 days). Chapter 1 Quiz will be available: Thursday, September 12, 6:00pm until Sunday September 15, 11:59pm 60 I. Brightspace Chapter Quizzes (20%) Best 6 of 8 quizzes count Quizzes will consist of 15 MC questions in 15min – your best 6 quiz scores will count. Students with Blundon Centre accommodations for extended times are set within the Brightspace system. 61 11  I. Brightspace Chapter Quizzes (20%) Best 6 of 8 quizzes count You can have up to 3 chances to complete the quiz with the 72 hours. Your highest grade will be your grade for that quiz. You will not be able to go back through your quiz once you have answered questions NO MAKE UP QUIZZES can be offered- because you are able to drop your two lowest quiz scores, if you miss a quiz the score for that quiz will be dropped so you will not be penalized 62 12