CHAPTER 1.pdf

WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION? Prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL, PhD Course Instructor  Globalization is… Process of world-shrinkage.(Thomas Larsson) Colonization (Martin Khor)  Definitions of Globalization Broad and inclusive – “Onset of th...

WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION? Prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL, PhD Course Instructor  Globalization is… Process of world-shrinkage.(Thomas Larsson) Colonization (Martin Khor)  Definitions of Globalization Broad and inclusive – “Onset of the bordlerless world”(Ohmae, 1992) Narrow and exclusive – “internationalizing of production, international division of labor, new migratory movements,…(Robert Cox)  Why then study the varying definitions? 1) Perspective of the person who defines shapes its definition. 2) “Globalization is the debate and the debate is globalization.”(Poppi) Concept is self-evident and at the same time obscure. 3) Globalization is a reality.  METAPHORS OF GLOBALIZATION a) Solid o Barriers that makes movement difficult(natural or man-made) b) Liquid o Ease of movement (people, things, information)  Characteristics of liquidity (Bauman) 1. Change quickly & Continuous fluctuation Space and time are crucial elements 2. Movement is difficult to stop 3. Tends to melt whatever stands on its path. » decline of nation-states  Nation group of people who share the same culture, language, institutions, religion, and history—usually a group of people larger than a tribe or community.... The Kurds are a nation without a State, but France, Germany, and Japan are examples of nation-states A nation is a group of people who see themselves as a cohesive and coherent unit based on shared cultural or historical criteria. Nations are socially constructed units, not given by nature.  State a community of persons, more or less numerous, occupying a definite territory, possessing an organized government, and enjoying independence from external control.  Nation-States a form of political organization under which a relatively homogeneous people inhabits a sovereign state. When a nation of people has an independent State of their own it is often called a nation-state. The Kurds are a nation without a State, but France, Germany, and Japan, South Korea, Iceland and Portugal are examples of nation-states.  Stateless Nations Tibet is one of the world's stateless nations with a larger territory —some 2 million square kilometres, to the north and east of the Himalayas—, which under full control of the People's Republic of China. The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey. They have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity.  FLOWS Movement of people, things, places, information, due to the porosity of global limitations (Ritzer, 2015) ❖Foods ❖Global financial crises ❖illegal migrants ❖Virtual flow of illegal and legal information ❖Ethnic enclaves of immigrants  Globalization and Homogeneity Increasing sameness in the world. Culture –often linked to cultural imperialism – Christianity, Americanization Economics – economic crises – Neoliberalism – Capitalism – Market economy Political orientation – Similar models of governance – McWorld-uniform political orientation  Globalization and Heterogeneity Creation of various cultures, practices, new economies, and political groups. Cultural hybridization----glocalization (Roland Robertson )  Perspectives in Global Cultural Flows A. Cultural Differentialism Cultures are essentially different and are only superficially affected by global flows. » E.g. American and Chinese economic conflict Western and Islamic civilization B. Cultural Hybridization Integration of local and global cultures » “glocalization”-interpenetration of the local and global C. Cultural Convergence One culture imposing itself to another Deterritorialization-difficulty of tying culture to one specific geographic origin. –John Tomlinson