Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science PDF

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science 1) In order to be scientific, it must be possible to test a hypotheses. Correct: A testable hypothesis is one that can be confirmed or rejected (you...

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science 1) In order to be scientific, it must be possible to test a hypotheses. Correct: A testable hypothesis is one that can be confirmed or rejected (you do not prove a hypothesis), and a scientific hypothesis must be testable. Diff: 1 Type: FIB Page Reference: 3 Skill: Conceptual Objective: Understand the steps of the scientific method. 2) For psychologists, critical thinking means that we apply scientific methods carefully, examine our assumptions and biases, and tolerate ambiguity when the evidence is inconclusive. Correct: Critical thinking involves exercising curiosity and skepticism when evaluating the claims of others, and with our own assumptions and beliefs. Diff: 2 Type: FIB Page Reference: 9 Skill: Conceptual Objective: Apply the steps in critical thinking 3) The principle of parsimony holds that, when dealing with competing theories, the simplest one should be chosen. Correct: Scientific and critical thinking involves the use of the principle of parsimony, which means that the simplest of all competing explanations (the most "parsimonious") of a phenomenon should be the one we accept. Diff: 1 Type: FIB Page Reference: 10 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology of the scientific method. 4) The main difference between modern psychology and earlier attempts to understand the mind and behaviour is psychology's use of the scientific method. Correct: Psychologists, like earlier philosophers, are interested in why people think and behave the way they do. The main difference between the two is that psychologists apply scientific methods to find answers. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 1 of 3  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science Diff: 2 Type: FIB Page Reference: 13 Skill: Conceptual Objective: Know the key terminology of psychology's history. 5) Clinical psychology is the field of psychology that concentrates on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. Correct: This is a description of clinical psychology. Psychiatry also involves the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders, but this is not the best answer because psychiatry is branch of medicine, while psychology is not. Diff: 2 Type: FIB Page Reference: 16 Skill: Factual Objective: Apply your knowledge to distinguish among the different specializations in psychology. 6) Psychoanalysis was developed by Sigmund Freud as a way to treat his patients. Correct: Psychoanalysis is a psychological approach that attempts to explain how behaviour and personality are influenced by unconscious processes. Freud developed this approach after concluding that his patients' symptoms were being caused by unconscious urges, thoughts, and memories. Diff: 2 Type: FIB Page Reference: 17-18 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology of psychology's history. 7) Wundt's primary research method was training volunteers to use introspection. Correct: Introspection means to "look within," or to examine one's own perceptions and thoughts. William Wundt had his trained volunteers experience a stimulus and then report each individual sensation he or she could identify through introspection. Diff: 2 Type: FIB Page Reference: 20 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology of psychology's history. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 2 of 3  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science 8) Although Ivan Pavlov is usually credited with its discovery, professor Edwin Twitmyer was one of the first people to study classical conditioning. Correct: While studying the patellar kick reflex, Edwin Twitmyer discovered that if participants heard a bell before the mallet struck their patellar tendon, they would eventually begin to respond to the bell alone. This process is now known as classical conditioning and was famously studied by Ivan Pavlov. Diff: 2 Type: FIB Page Reference: 21 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology of psychology's history. 9) While popular with audiences, television shows about criminal profilers and crime-scene investigation generally misrepresent the job of a typical forensic psychologist. Correct: Forensic psychology encompasses work in the criminal justice system, including interactions with the legal system and its professionals. The field is often glorified in movies and TV as criminal profiling and investigation, but it is in most cases a practical profession involving very little of what is portrayed in these shows. Diff: 1 Type: FIB Page Reference: Module 1.3 Skill: Factual Objective: Apply your knowledge to distinguish among the different specializations in psychology. 10) Industrial/organizational psychology is a branch of applied psychology in which psychologists work for businesses and other organizations to improve employee productivity and the organizational structure of the company or business. Correct: I/O psychologists work with companies and large organizations. For example, they may develop tests to hire workers who have the best chance at succeeding, they may assist work teams to improve communication and responsibility, and they may help organizations with the management of change. Diff: 1 Type: FIB Page Reference: Module 1.3 Skill: Factual Objective: Understand the various professional settings occupied by psychologists. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 3 of 3