Chapter 1 True/False Questions PDF

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science 1) Psychology is best defined as the study of mental illness and abnormal behaviour. a. True b. False Correct: Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour,...

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science 1) Psychology is best defined as the study of mental illness and abnormal behaviour. a. True b. False Correct: Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour, thought, and experience. It is much more than the study of mental illness. Answer: b Page Reference: 3 2) A hypothesis is a testable prediction about processes that can be observed and measured. a. True b. False Correct: This is the definition of a hypothesis. Answer: a Page Reference: 3 3) A good hypothesis is one that is stated in the most general terms possible. a. True b. False Correct: A good scientific hypothesis is stated in precise terms that can clearly be confirmed or rejected. Answer: b Page Reference: 4 4) Theories are basically the same thing as opinions or beliefs. a. True b. False Correct: Some people use the term theory in casual conversation to mean "guess" or "opinion," but this is not how the term is used in science. Answer: b Page Reference: 4 5) Part of being scientifically literate is being able to apply scientific knowledge to real- world situations. a. True b. False Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 1 of 6  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science Correct: Scientific literacy includes the ability to understand, analyze, and apply scientific information to real-world situations. Answer: a Page Reference: 6 6) Critical thinking involves exercising curiosity and skepticism when evaluating the claims of others, and with our own assumptions and beliefs. a. True b. False Correct: Critical thinking involves having curiosity that drives us to ask thoughtful questions and to look beyond simple answers, and skepticism toward anything that seems to be an easy or obvious answer. It also involves questioning our own assumptions and conclusions, along with those of others. Answer: a Page Reference: 9 7) Critical thinkers realize that all opinions are created equal. a. True b. False Correct: Critical thinking means respecting other viewpoints, but it also means that some ideas can be incorrect. In many cases, one answer emerges as the best one because a large body of evidence converges upon it. Answer: b Page Reference: 9 8) Empiricism means that knowledge about the world is based on careful observation, not common sense or speculation. a. True b. False Correct: Empiricism is a philosophical tenet that knowledge comes through experience and careful observation. Answer: a Page Reference: 13 9) Psychology became a scientific discipline in the 1600s. a. True b. False Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 2 of 6  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science Correct: Psychology became a formal discipline in the late 1800s with the founding of Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory. Answer: b Page Reference: 20 10) Phrenologists suggested that specific mental traits and dispositions could be read by examining the surface of the skull. a. True b. False Correct: Phrenologists believed that the brain was comprised of different "organs," each corresponding to a specific function or trait. They also believed that these organs could be discovered by examining the skull over different parts of the brain. Answer: a Page Reference: 16–17 11) Sigmund Freud's work using hypnosis to cure patients made him realize that many of his patients' symptoms had mental, not physical, causes and this led to the development of psychoanalysis. a. True b. False Correct: Freud was interested in how hypnosis seemed to cure several patients of hysterical paralysis—a condition in which an individual loses feeling and control in a specific body part, despite the lack of any known neurological damage or disease. These experiences led Freud to believe that unconscious processes were responsible for his patients' symptoms and to develop his famous approach, called psychoanalysis. Answer: a Page Reference: 17 12) Psychoanalysis emphasizes the influence of unconscious urges and memories on behaviour. a. True b. False Correct: Psychoanalysis is a psychological approach that attempts to explain how behaviour and personality are influenced by unconscious processes. Answer: a Page Reference: 17 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 3 of 6  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science 13) Credit for establishing psychology as an independent field of science is generally given to William James. a. True b. False Correct: Most contemporary psychologists have agreed that Wilhelm Wundt established the first laboratory dedicated to studying human behaviour, and was responsible for establishing psychology as an independent field of science. Answer: b Page Reference: 20 14) The goal of Wilhelm Wundt's trained introspection volunteers was to break down behaviour into its most basic elements. a. True b. False Correct: Wundt used introspection to analyze conscious experience by breaking it down into basic elements, and to understand how these elements work together. Answer: a Page Reference: 20 15) Structuralism was an early psychological approach that emphasized the purpose of behaviour and consciousness. a. True b. False Correct: This describes functionalism, not structuralism. Structuralism was an attempt to analyze conscious experience by breaking it down into basic elements, and to understand how these elements work together. Answer: b Page Reference: 20–21 16) Humanistic psychology is an approach emphasizing that psychologists need to focus on the whole of the perception and experience, rather than its parts. a. True b. False Correct: This is a description of gestalt, not humanistic, psychology. Humanistic psychology focuses on the unique aspects of each individual human, their freedom to act, their rational thought, and the belief that humans are fundamentally different from other animals. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 4 of 6  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science Answer: b Page Reference: 22, 25 17) The cognitive perspective is an approach that emphasizes mental processes in thinking, memory, language, and other areas of behaviour. a. True b. False Correct: Cognitive psychology is a modern psychological perspective that focuses on processes such as memory, thinking, and language. Thus, much of what cognitive psychologists study are mental processes that are inferred through rigorous experimentation. Answer: a Page Reference: 25 18) Applied psychology is the study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application. a. True b. False Correct: This is the description of basic research, not applied. Applied psychology uses psychological knowledge to address problems and issues across various settings and professions, including law, education, clinical psychology, and business organization and management. Answer: b Page Reference: Module 1.3 19) Programs leading to a Psy.D. are usually designed to prepare a person both as a scientist and as a clinical practitioner. a. True b. False Correct: Unlike the Ph.D. degree, which combines science and practice of psychology, the Psy.D. degree focuses almost exclusively on the practice of psychology. Answer: b Page Reference: Module 1.3 20) Most of the helping professions in psychology require graduate degrees and provincial licensure or certification. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 5 of 6  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science a. True b. False Correct: While individuals with a bachelor's degree can work in treatment settings on a basic level, most mental health jobs in psychology require a graduate degree (e.g., MSW, PhD, PsyD, MD) and licensure or certification as approved by individual provinces. Answer: a Page Reference: Module 1.3 21) Health psychologists are interested in how lifestyle choices and other behaviours combine with genetics and environment to affect physical health. a. True b. False Correct: Health psychology (or behavioural medicine), the study of how individual, biological, and environmental factors affect physical health. Answer: a Page Reference: Module 1.3 22) Only a small percentage of this year's Bachelor-level psychology graduates will go on to work in psychological fields. a. True b. False Correct: Most psychology students who major or minor in psychology end up applying their knowledge in other areas, including teaching, marketing, nursing, and business. Answer: a Page Reference: Module 1.3 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 6 of 6