Sultan Qaboos Bin Said Al Said: Oman's Transformation PDF

College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) 1 Chapter 5: Sultan. Qaboos bin Said Al Said...

College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) 1 Chapter 5: Sultan. Qaboos bin Said Al Said -May Allah the Almighty place his soul in Paradise- Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Contents Overview of Al Busaidi Family-Tree…………………………………..…………. ……………………… 4 Sultan. Qaboos’s Early Life ……………………………………………………. …………………… 5 Oman Status Before 1970 ……………………………………………………. ………………………. 13 Oman Transformation After 1970 ……………………………….……………. ………………………. 15 Royal Annual Tours ………………………………………………………………. ………….…..……… 16 Great Achievements: ………………………………………………………… ……………….………… 17 Death of Sultan. Qaboos bin Said ……………………………………………………………………….. 28 Multiple Choice Questions …………………………………………………….…. ………………………..31 Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 2 Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 3  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Overview of Al Busaidi Family-Tree § Imam. Ahmed bin Said (1744-1783) the founder of Al Busaidi dynasty § Sultan. Said bin Sultan (1804-1856) the most notable rulers from Al Busaiidi dynasty § Sultan. Thuwaini bin Said (1856-1866) § Sultan. Turki bin Said (1871-1888) § Sultan. Faisal bin Turki (1888-1913) § Sultan. Taimur bin Faisal (1913-1932) known for attempting to modernize Oman § Sultan. Said bin Taimur (1932-1970) § Sultan. Qaboos bin Said (1970-2020) the founder of modern Oman who transformed Oman into a prosperous and stable country. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 4  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Introduction Sultan. Qaboos bin Said Al Said’s transformative leadership spanned nearly five decades, during which he steered Oman into a modern era, earning respect both regionally and globally. Sultan. Qaboos’s vision and dedication not only modernized Oman but also positioned it as a beacon of stability and progress in the Middle East. His legacy continues to inspire Omanis and global leaders alike. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 5  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Sultan. Qaboos - Early Life Sultan. Qaboos was born in Salalah, southern region of Oman, on 17th Shawwal 1359 AH, corresponding date November 18th, 1940 AD. He was the only son of his father Sultan. Said bin Taimur so he received a conservative and traditional upbringing, which emphasized Islamic and Omani history and culture. He received his primary and secondary education in Salalah at Al Saidiyah School. In his early years, Sultan. Qaboos memorized Holy Quran, studied traditional Sunnah, Arabic grammar, religious sciences, history and stories. He studied poetry books and memorized many poems by specialized professors and/or tutors. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 6 Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 7 Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 8  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Sultan. Qaboos-Suffolk, England In September 1958 AD, his father sent him to England, where he continued his formal education in Bury Saint Edmunds School in Suffolk in East Anglia, England. Then he joint Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (RMAS) in 1960 as a candidate officer. He spent two years there, where he studied military sciences and graduated as a second lieutenant (officer). After graduation he served briefly in British Army, stationed in Germany with a Scottish regiment. He studied for a year in field of local government systems, and completed specialized courses in administration and state organization, before returning back to Oman in 1966. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 9 Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 10  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Sultan. Qaboos-Self Development In 1966, the Sultan returned back to hometown Oman where he was kept in relative isolation by his father Sultan. Said bin Taimur. Qaboos used this time in isolation to study a range of subjects, including Oman history and Islamic Culture, diplomacy, and religion, and he was known for personally reading a wide array of books. Meanwhile developing his vision for transformation. By investing in his own knowledge, Sultan. Qaboos was able to implement forward thinking policies that modernized Oman steadily. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 11  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Sultan. Qaboos’s Reign [1970-2020] On July 23rd, 1970 Sultan. Qaboos carefully deposed his father Said bin Taimur in a bloodless cope with support from some members of Omani military and British advisors, and he officially became as the new Sultan of Oman. He was one of the youngest Arab leaders, but he was highly educated Monarch. Since taking the position, Sultan. Qaboos worked to deepen Sultanate's relations with Arab and foreign countries, ended up Oman’s isolation, and he placed Oman on a path of development using oil incomes to modernize the country. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 12 Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 13  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Oman Status Before 1970 Watch this video clip : https://0ijtl.app.link/GlUoYkSLbvb Oman before 1970 was a highly traditional society struggling under a rigid and isolationist regime, with little infrastructure, economic activity, or access to modern services. Oman was one of the least developed of Arab countries and Sultan. Qaboos inherited a legacy of backwardness and stagnation. In addition to this, Sultanate of Muscat and Oman suffered from a civil conflict and foreign invaders in Southern Region mountains of Dhofar e.g., safeguarding the country from communism. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 14 Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 15  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Oman Transformations After 1970 From the moment Sultan. Qaboos came to the power, he sat development projects aiming to improve people standard of living. He provided essential services e.g. opened schools, built hospitals and roads, and began to expand the national economic base so that the country worked on to diversify sources of income to not rely on oil as a major source of national income. He secured an end to the civil conflict in Dhofar on 11 December 1975, allowing development process to cover entire country. In addition to achieving security, stability and decent living for Omani citizens wherever they are and everywhere in Oman. As a result, a lot of immigrated Omanis returned back to Oman. Even those who were against his father (Sultan. Said bin Taimur) and against his controlling laws, they returned back to their homeland after they heard about Sultan. Qaboos positive changes. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 16  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Royal Annual Tours Sultan. Qaboos had represented a unique method of participated leadership and people, i.e. he made what called Annual Royal Tours (al- Jawla al-Sultaniya) in order to meet his citizens in person and face to face, all over the country in an open democratic environment. In such meetings, the Sultan would listen to his people, understand their needs directly, address himself to their interests, and received personal letters from them, which he read with care before deciding on appropriate courses of action. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 17 Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 18  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Achievements: Legislative Body Today, Sultanate of Oman lives through a period of prosperity, security, and stability due to the great leadership of Sultan. Qaboos. Years that followed, Sultan. Qaboos accelerated and expanded economic of his country, social, and political development. He established a cabinet of ministers to perform an executive role and run day to day affairs of government. In 1981 he expanded Oman government and consultative base when he sat up State Consultative Council to provide for maximum participation in the country economic and social planning and development. In 1991 the sultan replaced State Consultative Council with Majlis A’Shura, and elected assembly. In 1997 the Sultan further strengthened the country political institutions with creation of a second chamber of the parliament State Council (Majlis A'Dawla). 19 Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Achievements: Omani Women Sultan. Qaboos had been the driving force behind integration of Omani women in Oman’s renaissance since 1970. He had encouraged ladies to serve alongside with gentlemen as equal partners in national development. Through continued education, workforce participation, public service, and entrepreneurial efforts, Omani women endure to drive the national development embodying Sultan. Qaboos’s vision of a modern, inclusive, and prosperous Sultanate of Oman. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 20  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Achievements: Gulf Cooperation Council (G.C.C) In the world affairs, Sultan. Qaboos returned Oman to international community shortly, leading it into membership of United Nations and other international and regional organizations. In 1981, he played a pivotal role as a founding member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), actively supporting initiatives for enhanced reginal collaboration and unity. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 21 Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 22  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Achievements: Political Development Sultan. Qaboos also sat framework for political development of Sultanate, including rights and responsibilities of Omani citizens, and stated general principles on which government of Sultanate to be conducted. These principles combined traditional Omani values, derived from the Islamic legislation (Shari’ah) with modem conceptions of human rights, political participation, and free market economics. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 23 Political Developments Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 24  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Achievements: Educational Sector Before 1970, Oman had only 3 schools serving approximately 900 students. From the outset of his reign, Sultan. Qaboos prioritized education, initiating significant growth in the sector. By 1970, the number of schools had risen from 3 to 16, and by 1972, there were 45 schools. This expansion continued, with the country reaching 970 schools by the year 2000. Over time, education in Oman has improved substantially in terms of quality and accessibility, with a marked increase in number of schools and students. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 25  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Achievements: Modern Schools Currently, Oman boasts 67,263 modern schools' accommodation over 898,000 students of both genders, supported by 71,469 teachers and 12,834 administrators and technicians from various governorates. The educational institutions are categorized into two primary sections: the first cycle and the second cycle. In the domain of illiteracy eradication, the illiteracy rate among individuals aged 15-44 years has significantly declined to 0.46%, as officially reported by the National Center for Statistics and Information in 2021-2021 academic year. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 26 Schools Before Renaissance Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 27 Modern Omani Schools Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 28  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Achievements: International Awards Sultan. Qaboos bin Said won the International Peace Award in October 15th, 1998. In addition to International Public Opinion Award in 1980, Royal Victorian Chain Award, Nishan-e-Pakistan Award in 2001, Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding Award in 2007, Peace Award from Russian International Society in 2007, and International Arab Man Award in 2016. Sultan Qaboos also funded several awards, for example: Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Preservation, through a donation to UNESCO , to afford recognition to outstanding contributions in the management or preservation of the environment. The prize has been awarded every two years since 1991. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 29  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Death of Sultan. Qaboos bin Said The death of Sultan. Qaboos bin Said marked the conclusion of a transformative 50- year reign during which he courageously modernized Oman into a developed nation. His passing was officially announced by the Oman News Agency on early morning of Saturday 11th January, 2020. (at the aged of 79) Sultan Qaboos stated: “I will be remembered for my devotion to development of Oman into a stable and prosperous nation, and as the father of nation who sought to improve lives of Omani people”. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 30 Sultan of Hearts. Qaboos Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24 31  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Choose the right answer: 1. Sultan Qaboos was burn in Salalah in: a. 1942 b. 1941 c. 1940 d. 1939 2. Sultan Qaboos sent to UK to study in: a. Sandhurst b. Suffolk c. Oxford d. London 32 3. A unique method of leadership: a. Royal Tours b. Royal Army c. Royal Forces 4. When was majlis a’Shura opened: a. 1989 b. 1990 c. 1991 d. 1992 5. Arab Gulf Cooperation (GCC) was found: a. 1981 b. 1982 c. 1983 d. 1984 6. Which award did Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said win in1998: a. International Peace b. International Public Opinion c. International Understanding Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24  College of Engineering Dep. Professional Development & Humanities Oman History and Islamic Culture-(UHS00102) Thank You 33 See you next class. Emended by Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini 11/14/24