Child Preventive Services PDF

Child Health Preventive services Nour Abd-Alqader, Msc Clinical Pharmacy College of Pharmacy, Jeresh University  Introduction ❖ Many diseases and disorders of childhood, adolescence, and adulthood can be prevented or lessened in severit...

Child Health Preventive services Nour Abd-Alqader, Msc Clinical Pharmacy College of Pharmacy, Jeresh University  Introduction ❖ Many diseases and disorders of childhood, adolescence, and adulthood can be prevented or lessened in severity if detected early. ❖ The goal of providing preventive medical and dental services for children is to improve overall health status by reducing the incidence of avoidable illness and disease.  Introduction ❖ Since children’s preventive services are delivered over the continuum of childhood, continuity is necessary to identify patterns and issues in a child’s physical, developmental, or emotional health over time. ❖ A primary provider over time is desirable; if providers necessarily change, smooth transfer of full information and records about the child’s and family’s history and the child’s care is necessary to ensure coordination of services and to maximize continuity. MAJOR FOR COLLEGE CHILD DEVELOPMENT Preventive and promotive care Health Care check Immunization ups Nutritional Health education Education  I. Immunization ❖ Seven easily preventable diseases with immunization are responsible for most childhood morbidity and mortality, this includes: 1. TB 2. Diphtheria 3. Pertussis 4. Neonatal tetanus 5. Poliomyelitis 6. Measles 7. Viral hepatitis B I. Immunization  I. Immunization ❖ Hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine: 1. All infants should receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine soon after birth and before hospital discharge; 2. The second dose should be given at least 4 weeks after the first dose. 3. The third dose should be given at least 16 weeks after the first dose and at least 8 weeks after the second dose. 4. The last dose in the vaccination series (third or fourth dose) should not be administered before age 24 weeks.  I. Immunization ❖ Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine. ❖ Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine. (2,4,6,12) ❖ Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR).  I. Immunization ❖ Varicella vaccine. (chickenpox) Not a routine (>12, single dose or >13y, 2 doses 4wks apart) ❖ Pneumococcal vaccine. ❖ Hepatitis A vaccine. Hepatitis A vaccine is recommended for children and adolescents in selected States and regions and for certain high-risk groups. The 2 doses in the series should be administered at least 6 months apart.  I. Immunization ❖ Influenza vaccine: Influenza vaccine is recommended annually for children age 6 months with certain risk factors, including but not limited to children with: asthma, cardiac disease, sickle cell disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and diabetes; and household members of persons in high-risk groups.  I. Immunization ❖ BCG vaccine: In the developing countries, BCG vaccine is given intradermally, as a prophylaxis vaccine for tuberculosis, during the 1st year of life and in the 1st week after birth in the endemic countries. It is not recommended as a routine in the developed countries because of low risk of disease.  I. Immunization ❖ BCG vaccine: In the developing countries, BCG vaccine is given intradermally, as a prophylaxis vaccine for tuberculosis, during the 1st year of life and in the 1st week after birth in the endemic countries. It is not recommended as a routine in the developed countries because of low risk of disease.  2. Health Chack ups ❖ A new born should be examined at least twice; once within the first 24 hours after birth and just before discharge. ❖ Monthly health check ups should be done during infancy as well as in all visits to the clinic including routine immunization sessions. ❖ Health check ups can be very helpful in identifying children at Risk, who can be followed more closely by appropriate screening or diagnostic tests and/or paid home visits.  2. Health Chack ups ❖ Development ❖ Injury prevention. ❖ Birth control. ❖ Diet and exercise. ❖ Substance and child abuse. ❖ Smoking.  2. Health Chack ups ❖ Dental health (checkups twice a year, beginning at age 2). ❖ Sexual behavior. ❖ Sexually transmitted diseases. ❖ Depression. ❖ Domestic violence. ❖ Use of alternative medicine and therapies. ❖ Alcohol and drug use  2. Health Chack ups Age Screening Test Frequency Newborn Newborn screening, Once (PKU, sickle cell hemoglobinopathies, hypothyroidism) Birth-2 months Head circumference Periodically Birth-18 years Height and weight Periodically 1 year Lead Once 3-4 years Eye screening Once