Introduction to Psychology: Chapter 1 (PDF)

Implication of Education Psychology Page 1 of 6 Chapter 1 Introduction to Psychology The Objectives of First Topic: “Introduction to Psychology” Identify psychology and its importance in teaching and instruction. Cla...

Implication of Education Psychology Page 1 of 6 Chapter 1 Introduction to Psychology The Objectives of First Topic: “Introduction to Psychology” Identify psychology and its importance in teaching and instruction. Clarify the topics of psychology and its branches. Explain the importance of psychology and the need to understand it. Distinguish between the most important schools of psychology.  Implication of Education Psychology Page 2 of 6 Psychology Definition “Psychology?, an ancient Greek word which consist of two parts: a) psyche which is the mind or the soul. b) logy means study. Porter, M. F. (2006). Applied Psychology for Nurses. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company. "Psychology is the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions.“ Porter, M. F. (2006). Applied Psychology for Nurses. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company. Psychology is concerned with the behavior of organisms. Fernald, L. D. & Fernald, P. S. (2004). Introduction to Psychology, 5th Edition. India: A.I.T.B.S. Publishers i& Distributors. “Psychology is the study of human behaviour, thought processes and emotions”. Walker, J., Payne, S., Jarrett, N., & Ley, T. (Eds.) (2012). Psychology for Nurses and the Caring Professions. (4th ed.) London: Open University Press. History of psychology First stage: Prior Psychology An ancient Greek philosophers worked in psychology as Aristotle The first psychology experiment was done at Egypt in the seventh century B.C. Hunt, Morton (1993). The Story of Psychology. New York: Doubleday.  Implication of Education Psychology Page 3 of 6 Aristotle (460-377 B.C.), believed that there is a connection between the mind and the body. Plato (427-347 B.C.) thought that the mind and body were separate and the mind was located in the brain. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) considered that the mind and body were not separate and felt that the mind and body are one and the same. Ibn Sina (980-1037), his perspective that the human being has two parts: hidden part consists of the powers of the mind while the open part is the human body and its organs. Second stage: Modern Psychology Rene Descartes (1596-1650), had view that the process of deeply thinking and introspection lead to accurate observation. John Locke (1632-1704), viewed that the interaction between mind and body is an equal relationship between two aspects of the same combined phenomenon. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), focused on how the mind and body are related rather than whether the mind is in control. Aspects of thought of psychology Schools Developmental psychology: studies and interprets the individuals changing and their responds to the world. Cognitive psychology: studies the cognition (mental processes) including memory, perception and information processing. Behavioural psychology: studies the individuals learning that effected behaviors by external context and events. Social psychology: studies the influence of social aspect on the individual/s behaviour either alone or in groups. Walker, J., Payne, S., Jarrett, N., & Ley, T. (Eds.) (2012). Psychology for Nurses and the Caring Professions. (4th ed.) London: Open University Press.  Implication of Education Psychology Page 4 of 6 Psychoneuroimmunology and cognitive science: use modern technologies to study mind–body links between human thoughts and emotions, and physiological and immune responses. Psychodynamic psychology: interprets how past experiences of unconscious impacts on an individual’s current thoughts and emotions. Humanistic psychology and narrative psychology: involve the subjective study of individual human experience. Walker, J., Payne, S., Jarrett, N., & Ley, T. (Eds.) (2012). Psychology for Nurses and the Caring Professions. (4th ed.) London: Open University Press. Types of Psychology: First: Pure Psychology - General Psychology - Abnormal psychology - Biological psychology - Cognitive psychology - Comparative psychology - Developmental psychology - Personality psychology - Quantitative psychology - Social psychology Second: Applied Psychology - Clinical psychology - Counseling psychology  Implication of Education Psychology Page 5 of 6 - Educational psychology - Psychology and Law - Health psychology - Human factors psychology - Industrial and organizational psychology - School psychology Why do we need understand Psychology? Example: If there is a person with high fever. The normal person might suggest the patient herbal treatment for this person. While the medical specialist person might prescribe a suitable capsule for this person. The method of prescription is not the issue. Porter, M. F. (2006). Applied Psychology for Nurses. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company. Why do we need understand Psychology? The reasons The normal person might give a logical understanding based on the inductive principle. The medical specialist will use the scientific knowledge and method based on science. Porter, M. F. (2006). Applied Psychology for Nurses. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company. Therefore Understanding of why organisms respond as they do, will increased.  Implication of Education Psychology Page 6 of 6 Fernald, L. D. & Fernald, P. S. (2004). Introduction to Psychology, 5th Edition. India: A.I.T.B.S. Publishers i& Distributors. Why is psychology important in health and social care? Psychology can assist to: - Appreciate the individuals in order to understand them and their needs. - Understand how the people thought processes can sometimes cause incorrect assumptions about others. - Attain a better understanding of communication processes which improve the therapeutic and lead effective environment work. - Assist people to resist their cases by identify factors that affect how people cope with such situations as acute and chronic illness, pain and other issues that faced during everyday life. - Know the factors that effect on people’s lifestyles and on people behaviours, such as smoking, diet and exercise. Walker, J., Payne, S., Jarrett, N., & Ley, T. (Eds.) (2012). Psychology for Nurses and the Caring Professions. (4th ed.) London: Open University Press.