Ch 21B_ Immune System .pdf

> Oromosen - Ch 21B – The Immune System Immune System Motto: If you aren’t with us, you’re against us! A functional system as opposed to an organ system Two arms that work together to monitor and protect – Innate or non-specific First and second lines of defense – Adaptive or specific Third line – i...

> Oromosen - Ch 21B – The Immune System Immune System Motto: If you aren’t with us, you’re against us! A functional system as opposed to an organ system Two arms that work together to monitor and protect – Innate or non-specific First and second lines of defense – Adaptive or specific Third line – immune system proper – Humoral immunity – Cellular immunity FIRST LINE SECOND LINE THIRD LINE Innate Defense – Intact Skin Intact epidermis is a highly effective physical barrier – What type of tissue is the epidermis??? Acid mantle – secretions (sweat & sebum) are acidic; secrete bactericidal chemicals Keratin – resistant to most weak acids & bases, bacterial enzymes & toxins Innate Defense – Intact Mucous Membranes Intact mucous membranes are a highly effective physical barrier – What type of tissue are the mucous membranes??? Mucus – sticky Nasal hairs – filter and trap Cilia – Move mucus out of the body Gastric juice – pH of 1-2; proteolytic enzymes Acid mantle of vagina – inhibits bacterial & fungal growth Tears & saliva – lubricate and cleanse; contain lysozyme Urine – mildly acidic, periodic cleansing Innate Defense – Neutrophil Photos © McGraw-Hill Education Neutrophil Nucleus of neutrophil Erythrocytes ©McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Innate Defense – Eosinophil Photos © McGraw-Hill Education Eosinophil Nucleus of eosinophil Cytoplasmic granules Erythrocytes ©McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. ↑ of have Allergies a lot will kill > - ant-histamineis S turnintoeve Innate Defense – Basophil basophils you - > Histamine : Inflammatory vasodilator (very Blood flow to a n a re a powerful) - Heparin : anticoagulant/no to > - release blood helps form stop blood flow e leukotrienes and action of neutropess e Eosinophils Basophil Erythrocytes Nucleus of basophil Platelets Cytoplasmic granules Photos © McGraw-Hill Education clots ©McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Innate Defense – Monocyte Monocyte Erythrocyte Nucleus of monocyte Platelet Photos © McGraw-Hill Education ©McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Phagocytes Neutrophils Macrophages – free and fixed – Opsonization Phagocytosis orhood cansave > - save neighboring Antimicrobial Proteins - Interferons 2nd line defence of - cells when interferon receptors cells have - Feelreleasesinterferen canitena > being Infected > start - ↳ Defense ↳ Antiviral help against won't agains Virus ↳ not or living gain ↳ useless until they > access to hyjack It into a the a factory bacterial nonliving host cell virus cell and and tur n making can't save cell host making Antimicrobial Proteins - Complement Natural Killer Cells Police the body looking for anything that looks off, weird, funny, etc… Fever Inflammatory Response Prevents the spread of tissue damaging agents Disposes of cellular debris and pathogens Alerts the adaptive immune system Sets the stage for repair 4 cardinal signs of inflammation – – – – – Redness Heat Swelling Pain Loss of function??? Inflammatory Response Starts with a chemical alarm (chemokines) released by injured or stressed tissues and immune cells Inflammatory Response Vasodilation followed by increased vascular permeability – Hyperemia – more blood to the area – Exudate seeps into the tissue Clotting factors, proteins (including antibodies), immune cells Clotting factors create a fibrin mesh that walls off the area and provides a scaffold for repair – Phagocytes flood the area Neutrophils and then macrophages Phagocyte Mobilization