Lecture 21B

Which type of immunity is associated with antibodies and produced by B cells?

What is the primary function of the intact epidermis as an innate defense?

Which acid is responsible for the bactericidal property of sweat and sebum?

What is the pH range of gastric juice that contributes to its protective function?

Which of the following secretions helps inhibit bacterial and fungal growth in the vagina?

Neutrophils are an example of which type of immune cell?

Which of the following is NOT a function of tears and saliva?

What is the function of histamine released by basophils?

Which cell type is known for releasing anticoagulant substances like heparin?

What is the main function of eosinophils in the innate defense system?

Which cell type is primarily responsible for killing parasites?

What is the role of monocytes in the immune system?

Which granulocyte is known for its role in promoting inflammation through histamine release?

What is the function of leukotrienes in the immune response?

What is the purpose of heparin released by basophils?

What is the main role of phagocytes in the immune system?

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation?

What is the purpose of vasodilation during the inflammatory response?

Which cells police the body and are responsible for identifying anything abnormal or dangerous?

What initiates the inflammatory response in the body?

Which type of cells are involved in opsonization in the immune response?

What is the function of interferons in the immune response?

Which is NOT a function of the inflammatory response?

'Hyperemia' during the inflammatory response refers to:

'Loss of function' as one of the cardinal signs of inflammation means:

What is the main function of the acid mantle in the innate defense system?

Which immune system line of defense involves humoral immunity?

What is the primary role of neutrophils in the immune system?

What is the function of cilia in the innate defense system?

Which substance contributes to the acidic nature of sweat and sebum, aiding in defense against pathogens?

What is the main purpose of gastric juice in the immune system?

Which immune cell type is associated with promoting inflammation through histamine release?

What is the function of tears and saliva in the immune response?

What is the primary function of heparin released by basophils?

Which immune cell type is known for its role as an anticoagulant by releasing heparin?

What is the main function of leukotrienes in the immune response?

Which cell type is primarily responsible for producing leukotrienes during the immune response?

What is the role of neutrophils in the innate defense system?

Which immune cell type is primarily responsible for phagocytizing pathogens in the body?

What is the function of histamine released by basophils during an inflammatory response?

Which cell type is known for releasing histamine, a potent inflammatory mediator?

What is the primary function of interferons released during an immune response?

Which cells are responsible for policing the body and identifying anything unusual or dangerous?

What is the main purpose of opsonization in the immune response?

Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal signs of inflammation?

What is the role of antimicrobial proteins like complement in the immune system?

What initiates the inflammatory response by causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability?

Which cell type is known for releasing interferons in response to viral infections?

Eosinophils release ______ during allergic reactions

Basophils release ______, a powerful inflammatory vasodilator

Heparin released by basophils acts as an ______

Basophils help in the formation of ______ to stop blood flow

Monocytes are responsible for ______ in the immune system

Monocytes play a role in identifying anything ______ or dangerous

Neutrophils are known for their role in ______ pathogens

Eosinophils release ______ to combat parasites

Intact epidermis is a highly effective physical barrier – What type of tissue is the ______?

Acid mantle of vagina – inhibits bacterial & fungal growth. Tears & saliva – lubricate and cleanse; contain ______.

Mucus – sticky. Nasal hairs – filter and trap. Cilia – Move mucus out of the body. Gastric juice – pH of 1-2; ______ enzymes.

Innate Defense – Neutrophil. Nucleus of neutrophil. Erythrocytes ©McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Neutrophils are an example of which type of immune ______?

Intact mucous membranes are a highly effective physical barrier – What type of tissue are the mucous ______?

Innate Defense – Intact Skin. Intact epidermis is a highly effective physical barrier – What type of tissue is the ______?

Acid mantle – secretions (sweat & sebum) are acidic; secrete bactericidal chemicals. ______ – resistant to most weak acids & bases, bacterial enzymes & toxins.

Urine – mildly acidic, periodic ______.

Phagocytes Neutrophils Macrophages – free and fixed – Opsonization Phagocytosis orhood cansave > - save neighboring Antimicrobial Proteins - Interferons 2nd line defence of - cells when interferon receptors cells have - Feelreleasesinterferen canitena > being Infected > start - ↳ Defense ↳ Antiviral help against won't agains Virus ↳ not or living gain ↳ useless until they > access to hyjack It into a the a factory bacterial nonliving host cell virus cell and and tur n making can't save cell host making Antimicrobial Proteins - Complement Natural Killer Cells Police the body looking for anything that looks off, weird, funny, etc… Fever Inflammatory Response Prevents the spread of tissue damaging agents Disposes of cellular debris and pathogens Alerts the adaptive immune system Sets the stage for repair 4 cardinal signs of inflammation – – – – – ______???Inflammatory Response Starts with a chemical alarm (chemokines) released by injured or stressed tissues and immune cells Inflammatory Response Vasodilation followed by increased vascular permeability – Hyperemia – more blood to the area – Exudate seeps into the tissue Clotting factors, proteins (including antibodies), immune cells Clotting factors create a fibrin mesh that walls off the area and provides a scaffold for repair – Phagocytes flood the area Neutrophils and then macrophages Phagocyte Mobilization

Inflammatory Response Starts with a chemical alarm (chemokines) released by ______ or stressed tissues and immune cells Inflammatory Response Vasodilation followed by increased vascular permeability – Hyperemia – more blood to the area – Exudate seeps into the tissue Clotting factors, proteins (including antibodies), immune cells Clotting factors create a fibrin mesh that walls off the area and provides a scaffold for repair – Phagocytes flood the area Neutrophils and then macrophages Phagocyte Mobilization

______ flood the area Neutrophils and then macrophages Phagocyte Mobilization

______ Police the body looking for anything that looks off, weird, funny, etc…

______ Natural Killer Cells Police the body looking for anything that looks off, weird, funny, etc…

Inflammatory Response ______ followed by increased vascular permeability – Hyperemia – more blood to the area – Exudate seeps into the tissue Clotting factors, proteins (including antibodies), immune cells Clotting factors create a fibrin mesh that walls off the area and provides a scaffold for repair

Clotting factors create a ______ mesh that walls off the area and provides a scaffold for repair – Phagocytes flood the area Neutrophils and then macrophages Phagocyte Mobilization

______ and then macrophages Phagocyte Mobilization

Phagocytes Neutrophils Macrophages – free and fixed – Opsonization Phagocytosis orhood cansave > - save neighboring Antimicrobial Proteins - Interferons 2nd line defence of - cells when interferon receptors cells have - Feelreleasesinterferen canitena > being Infected > start - ↳ Defense ↳ Antiviral help against won't agains Virus ↳ not or living gain ↳ useless until they > access to hyjack It into a the a factory bacterial nonliving host cell virus cell and and tur n making can't save cell host making Antimicrobial Proteins - Complement Natural Killer Cells Police the body looking for anything that looks off, weird, funny, etc… Fever Inflammatory Response Prevents the spread of tissue damaging agents Disposes of cellular debris and pathogens Alerts the adaptive immune system Sets the stage for repair 4 cardinal signs of inflammation – – – – – Redness Heat Swelling Pain Loss of function???Inflammatory Response Starts with a chemical alarm (chemokines) released by injured or stressed tissues and immune cells Inflammatory Response Vasodilation followed by increased vascular permeability – Hyperemia – more blood to the area – ______ seeps into the tissue Clotting factors, proteins (including antibodies), immune cells Clotting factors create a fibrin mesh that walls off the area and provides a scaffold for repair – Phagocytes flood the area Neutrophils and then macrophages Phagocyte Mobilization

Eosinophils release histamine during allergic reactions.

Basophils release heparin, an anticoagulant.

Neutrophils are primarily responsible for producing leukotrienes during the immune response.

Interferons released during an immune response help against bacterial infections.

Tears and saliva contain substances that promote bacterial growth.

Monocytes are primarily responsible for killing parasites in the body.

Loss of function is one of the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation.

Leukotrienes are released by basophils and aid in stopping blood flow.

The epidermis is a highly effective physical barrier made of connective tissue.

Neutrophils are known for their role in promoting inflammation through histamine release.

Mucous membranes are a part of the second line of defense in the immune system.

Basophils help in the formation of a fibrin mesh to stop blood flow.

Natural Killer Cells are associated with adaptive immunity.

Tears and saliva contain lysozyme which is bactericidal.

Eosinophils primarily release histamine during allergic reactions.

Gastric juice has a pH range of 1-2 which contributes to its protective function.

Phagocytes are responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens.

Opsonization is a process that helps enhance phagocytosis by marking pathogens for destruction.

Antimicrobial proteins like interferons are primarily involved in defending against bacterial infections.

Natural killer cells are part of the adaptive immune system.

Fever is a response that helps prevent the spread of tissue-damaging agents.

The 4 cardinal signs of inflammation include redness, coldness, numbing, and tingling.

Vasodilation leads to decreased vascular permeability during the inflammatory response.

Chemokines are chemical signals that initiate the inflammatory response in the body.

Exudate seeping into tissues during inflammation provides a supportive environment for pathogens to thrive.

Phagocyte mobilization involves neutrophils flooding the area followed by macrophages.