Lecture 21B
100 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of immunity is associated with antibodies and produced by B cells?

  • Acquired immunity
  • Cellular immunity
  • Humoral immunity (correct)
  • Innate immunity

    • What is the primary function of the intact epidermis as an innate defense?

  • Digesting bacteria
  • Secretion of lysozyme
  • Physical barrier (correct)
  • Filtering and trapping pathogens

    • Which acid is responsible for the bactericidal property of sweat and sebum?

  • Acetic acid
  • Hydrochloric acid
  • Lactic acid (correct)
  • Sulfuric acid

    • What is the pH range of gastric juice that contributes to its protective function?

    <p>1-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following secretions helps inhibit bacterial and fungal growth in the vagina?

    <p>Acid mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutrophils are an example of which type of immune cell?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of tears and saliva?

    <p>Enzyme digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of histamine released by basophils?

    <p>Cause vasodilation and increase blood flow to the area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is known for releasing anticoagulant substances like heparin?

    <p>Basophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of eosinophils in the innate defense system?

    <p>Kill parasites and regulate allergic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is primarily responsible for killing parasites?

    <p>Eosinophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of monocytes in the immune system?

    <p>Phagocytize foreign invaders and present antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which granulocyte is known for its role in promoting inflammation through histamine release?

    <p>Basophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of leukotrienes in the immune response?

    <p>Attract neutrophils to the site of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of heparin released by basophils?

    <p>Prevent blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of phagocytes in the immune system?

    <p>Engulfing and digesting pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation?

    <p>Itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of vasodilation during the inflammatory response?

    <p>To increase vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells police the body and are responsible for identifying anything abnormal or dangerous?

    <p>Natural Killer Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the inflammatory response in the body?

    <p>Release of chemokines by injured tissues and immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are involved in opsonization in the immune response?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of interferons in the immune response?

    <p>Helping against viral infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a function of the inflammatory response?

    <p>Promoting blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hyperemia' during the inflammatory response refers to:

    <p>'More blood to the area'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Loss of function' as one of the cardinal signs of inflammation means:

    <p>'Reduced performance'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the acid mantle in the innate defense system?

    <p>To secrete bactericidal chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune system line of defense involves humoral immunity?

    <p>Third line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of neutrophils in the immune system?

    <p>Phagocytosis of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cilia in the innate defense system?

    <p>Move mucus out of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance contributes to the acidic nature of sweat and sebum, aiding in defense against pathogens?

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of gastric juice in the immune system?

    <p>To kill pathogens with proteolytic enzymes and low pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cell type is associated with promoting inflammation through histamine release?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tears and saliva in the immune response?

    <p>&quot;To lubricate and cleanse, containing lysozyme&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of heparin released by basophils?

    <p>Inhibit blood clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cell type is known for its role as an anticoagulant by releasing heparin?

    <p>Basophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of leukotrienes in the immune response?

    <p>Increase vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is primarily responsible for producing leukotrienes during the immune response?

    <p>Eosinophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neutrophils in the innate defense system?

    <p>Phagocytize pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cell type is primarily responsible for phagocytizing pathogens in the body?

    <p>Neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of histamine released by basophils during an inflammatory response?

    <p>Increase vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is known for releasing histamine, a potent inflammatory mediator?

    <p>Basophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of interferons released during an immune response?

    <p>Activate macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for policing the body and identifying anything unusual or dangerous?

    <p>Natural Killer Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of opsonization in the immune response?

    <p>Enhance phagocytosis of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal signs of inflammation?

    <p>Coldness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of antimicrobial proteins like complement in the immune system?

    <p>Facilitate opsonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the inflammatory response by causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability?

    <p>Histamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is known for releasing interferons in response to viral infections?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eosinophils release ______ during allergic reactions

    <p>histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Basophils release ______, a powerful inflammatory vasodilator

    <p>histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heparin released by basophils acts as an ______

    <p>anticoagulant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Basophils help in the formation of ______ to stop blood flow

    <p>clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monocytes are responsible for ______ in the immune system

    <p>policing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monocytes play a role in identifying anything ______ or dangerous

    <p>unusual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutrophils are known for their role in ______ pathogens

    <p>phagocytizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eosinophils release ______ to combat parasites

    <p>leukotrienes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intact epidermis is a highly effective physical barrier – What type of tissue is the ______?

    <p>skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acid mantle of vagina – inhibits bacterial & fungal growth. Tears & saliva – lubricate and cleanse; contain ______.

    <p>lysozyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mucus – sticky. Nasal hairs – filter and trap. Cilia – Move mucus out of the body. Gastric juice – pH of 1-2; ______ enzymes.

    <p>proteolytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Innate Defense – Neutrophil. Nucleus of neutrophil. Erythrocytes ©McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Neutrophils are an example of which type of immune ______?

    <p>cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intact mucous membranes are a highly effective physical barrier – What type of tissue are the mucous ______?

    <p>membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Innate Defense – Intact Skin. Intact epidermis is a highly effective physical barrier – What type of tissue is the ______?

    <p>epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acid mantle – secretions (sweat & sebum) are acidic; secrete bactericidal chemicals. ______ – resistant to most weak acids & bases, bacterial enzymes & toxins.

    <p>keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Urine – mildly acidic, periodic ______.

    <p>cleansing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phagocytes Neutrophils Macrophages – free and fixed – Opsonization Phagocytosis orhood cansave > - save neighboring Antimicrobial Proteins - Interferons 2nd line defence of - cells when interferon receptors cells have - Feelreleasesinterferen canitena > being Infected > start - ↳ Defense ↳ Antiviral help against won't agains Virus ↳ not or living gain ↳ useless until they > access to hyjack It into a the a factory bacterial nonliving host cell virus cell and and tur n making can't save cell host making Antimicrobial Proteins - Complement Natural Killer Cells Police the body looking for anything that looks off, weird, funny, etc… Fever Inflammatory Response Prevents the spread of tissue damaging agents Disposes of cellular debris and pathogens Alerts the adaptive immune system Sets the stage for repair 4 cardinal signs of inflammation – – – – – ______???Inflammatory Response Starts with a chemical alarm (chemokines) released by injured or stressed tissues and immune cells Inflammatory Response Vasodilation followed by increased vascular permeability – Hyperemia – more blood to the area – Exudate seeps into the tissue Clotting factors, proteins (including antibodies), immune cells Clotting factors create a fibrin mesh that walls off the area and provides a scaffold for repair – Phagocytes flood the area Neutrophils and then macrophages Phagocyte Mobilization

    <p>Redness Heat Swelling Pain Loss of function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inflammatory Response Starts with a chemical alarm (chemokines) released by ______ or stressed tissues and immune cells Inflammatory Response Vasodilation followed by increased vascular permeability – Hyperemia – more blood to the area – Exudate seeps into the tissue Clotting factors, proteins (including antibodies), immune cells Clotting factors create a fibrin mesh that walls off the area and provides a scaffold for repair – Phagocytes flood the area Neutrophils and then macrophages Phagocyte Mobilization

    <p>injured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ flood the area Neutrophils and then macrophages Phagocyte Mobilization

    <p>Phagocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ Police the body looking for anything that looks off, weird, funny, etc…

    <p>Natural Killer Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ Natural Killer Cells Police the body looking for anything that looks off, weird, funny, etc…

    <p>Complement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    <p>Prevents the spread of tissue damaging agents Disposes of cellular debris and pathogens Alerts the adaptive immune system Sets the stage for repair 4 cardinal signs of inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inflammatory Response ______ followed by increased vascular permeability – Hyperemia – more blood to the area – Exudate seeps into the tissue Clotting factors, proteins (including antibodies), immune cells Clotting factors create a fibrin mesh that walls off the area and provides a scaffold for repair

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clotting factors create a ______ mesh that walls off the area and provides a scaffold for repair – Phagocytes flood the area Neutrophils and then macrophages Phagocyte Mobilization

    <p>fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ and then macrophages Phagocyte Mobilization

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phagocytes Neutrophils Macrophages – free and fixed – Opsonization Phagocytosis orhood cansave > - save neighboring Antimicrobial Proteins - Interferons 2nd line defence of - cells when interferon receptors cells have - Feelreleasesinterferen canitena > being Infected > start - ↳ Defense ↳ Antiviral help against won't agains Virus ↳ not or living gain ↳ useless until they > access to hyjack It into a the a factory bacterial nonliving host cell virus cell and and tur n making can't save cell host making Antimicrobial Proteins - Complement Natural Killer Cells Police the body looking for anything that looks off, weird, funny, etc… Fever Inflammatory Response Prevents the spread of tissue damaging agents Disposes of cellular debris and pathogens Alerts the adaptive immune system Sets the stage for repair 4 cardinal signs of inflammation – – – – – Redness Heat Swelling Pain Loss of function???Inflammatory Response Starts with a chemical alarm (chemokines) released by injured or stressed tissues and immune cells Inflammatory Response Vasodilation followed by increased vascular permeability – Hyperemia – more blood to the area – ______ seeps into the tissue Clotting factors, proteins (including antibodies), immune cells Clotting factors create a fibrin mesh that walls off the area and provides a scaffold for repair – Phagocytes flood the area Neutrophils and then macrophages Phagocyte Mobilization

    <p>Exudate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eosinophils release histamine during allergic reactions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Basophils release heparin, an anticoagulant.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutrophils are primarily responsible for producing leukotrienes during the immune response.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interferons released during an immune response help against bacterial infections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tears and saliva contain substances that promote bacterial growth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monocytes are primarily responsible for killing parasites in the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Loss of function is one of the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leukotrienes are released by basophils and aid in stopping blood flow.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epidermis is a highly effective physical barrier made of connective tissue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutrophils are known for their role in promoting inflammation through histamine release.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mucous membranes are a part of the second line of defense in the immune system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Basophils help in the formation of a fibrin mesh to stop blood flow.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural Killer Cells are associated with adaptive immunity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tears and saliva contain lysozyme which is bactericidal.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eosinophils primarily release histamine during allergic reactions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gastric juice has a pH range of 1-2 which contributes to its protective function.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phagocytes are responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Opsonization is a process that helps enhance phagocytosis by marking pathogens for destruction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antimicrobial proteins like interferons are primarily involved in defending against bacterial infections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural killer cells are part of the adaptive immune system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fever is a response that helps prevent the spread of tissue-damaging agents.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 4 cardinal signs of inflammation include redness, coldness, numbing, and tingling.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vasodilation leads to decreased vascular permeability during the inflammatory response.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemokines are chemical signals that initiate the inflammatory response in the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exudate seeping into tissues during inflammation provides a supportive environment for pathogens to thrive.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phagocyte mobilization involves neutrophils flooding the area followed by macrophages.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser