CE100_LEC3_Subdisciplines of CE (Part 2).pdf

SUB-DISCIPLINES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Structural Engineering Geotechnical Engineering Earthquake Engineering Material Engineering Control Engineering CE100 Introduction to Civil Engineering Structural Engineering Trained to understand and calculate the stability, strength and...

SUB-DISCIPLINES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Structural Engineering Geotechnical Engineering Earthquake Engineering Material Engineering Control Engineering CE100 Introduction to Civil Engineering Structural Engineering Trained to understand and calculate the stability, strength and rigidity of built structures for buildings and non- building structures. To develop designs and integrate their design with that of other designers, and to supervise construction of projects on site. They can be also involved in the design of machinery, medical equipment, vehicles, etc. where structural integrity affects functioning and safety. EIFFEL TOWER is a historical achievement of structural engineering Structural Engineering Structural engineering theories is based upon applied physical laws and empirical knowledge of the structural performance of different materials and geometries. Responsible for making creative and efficient use of funds, structural elements and materials to achieve these goals. Structural Engineering HISTORY - In 2700 B.C.E. when the step pyramid for Pharoah Djoser was built in Imhotep, the first engineer in history known by name Structural Engineering HISTORY - 1452-1519 Leonardo da Vinci – Milan Cathedral - 1638 Galileo Galilei “Two New Science” – failure of simple structures - 1660 Robert Hooke “Hooke’s Law” - 1687 Isaac Newton “Newton’s law of motion” - 1750 Euler-Bernoulli beam equation - 1700-1782 Daniel Bernoulli “Principle of virtual work” Structural Engineering HISTORY - 1707-1783 Leonhard Euler “Theory of buckling of columns” - 1873 Carlo Alberto Castigliano “Method of the least work” - 1874 Otto Mohr “formalized idea of indeterminate structures” Structural Engineering OTHER SPECIALIZATION: - Earthquake engineering - Façade engineering - Fire engineering - Roof engineering - Tower engineering - Wind engineering Structural Engineering STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS - Columns - Beams - Plates - Arches - Shell - Catenaries Structural Engineering COMMON STRUCTURAL MATERIALS - Iron: Wrought Iron, Cast Iron - Concrete: Reinforced Concrete, Prestressed concrete - Alloy: Steel, Stainless steel - Masonry - Timber: Hardwood, Softwood - Aluminum - Composite materials: plywood - Other materials: Adobe, Bamboo, Carbon fiber, fiber reinforced plastic, mudbrick, roofing materials Geotechnical Engineering Branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behaviour of earth materials. Geotechnical Engineering Uses principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to investigate subsurface conditions and materials Determine the relevant physical/mechanical and chemical properties of these materials Evaluate stability of natural slopes and man-made soil deposits Assess risks posed by site conditions Design earthworks and structure foundations Monitor site conditions, earthworks and foundation construction. BOSTON’S BIG DIG presented geotechnical challenges in an urban environment Geotechnical Engineering HISTORY: - Used soil material for flood control, irrigation purposes, burial sites, building foundations, and as construction material for buildings. Geotechnical Engineering HISTORY: - In 2000 BC: traces of dikes, dams and canals at Egypt, ancient Mesopotamia Geotechnical Engineering HISTORY: - Several foundation related problems such as Leaning Tower of Pisa Geotechnical Engineering Soil properties: unit weight, porosity, void ratio, permeability, compressibility, shear strength and Atterberg limits Foundations: Shallow foundations, deep foundations, lateral earth support structures, earthworks, slope stabilization (geosynthetics) Geotechnical Engineering GEOSYNTHETICS – use for drainage, filtration, reinforcement, separation and containment. Earthquake Engineering Interdisciplinary branch of engineering that designs and analyzes structures, such as buildings and bridges, with earthquakes. Earthquake Engineering SEISMIC VIBRATION CONTROL 1. DRY-STONE WALLS CONTROL: Machu Picchu Temple of the Sun, Peru Earthquake Engineering SEISMIC VIBRATION CONTROL 2. LEAD RUBBER BEARING – base isolation employing heaving damper invented by Bill Robinson, a New Zealander Earthquake Engineering SEISMIC VIBRATION CONTROL 3. TUNED MASS DAMPER – huge concrete blocks mounted in skyscrapers or other structures and moved in opposition to the resonance frequency oscillations of the structures by means of some sort of spring mechanism.  SEISMIC VIBRATION CONTROL 3. TUNED MASS DAMPER Earthquake Engineering SEISMIC VIBRATION CONTROL 4. Building Elevation Control: pyramid shaped skyscrapers Earthquake Engineering SEISMIC VIBRATION CONTROL 5. SIMPLE ROLLER BEARING Earthquake Engineering SEISMIC VIBRATION CONTROL 6. SPRINGS-WITH-DAMPER BASE ISOLATOR Earthquake Engineering EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT STRUCTURES Materials Engineering It involves protection and prevention of the materials. Materials Engineer 1. Ascertains that all materials incorporated into the work pass the requirements of the DPWH Standard Specifications for Highways, Bridges and Airports and to strictly comply with the schedule of Minimum Testing Requirements; 2. Advises the Project Engineer on the acceptance or rejection of construction materials intended for use in the project, based on test results; 3. Recommends to the Project Engineer remedial measures for the correction of unsatisfactory conditions of materials; 4. Checks/certifies design mixes prepared by contractors for concrete and bituminous mixtures; Materials Engineer 5. Acquaints himself fully with the standard procedures of sampling, testing and control; 6. Sees to it that the field laboratory is adequately equipped so that the progress of the work will not be impeded; 7. Keeps a record of the daily activities ready for inspection anytime; and 8. Submits within required time frame test reports and other pertinent documents. Control Engineering Branch of civil engineering discipline that applies control theory to design systems with desired behaviours. The practice uses sensors to measure the output performance of the device being controlled (often a vehicle) and those measurements can be used to give feedback to the input actuators that can make corrections toward desired performance. Control Engineering Thank you!