CE100_LEC1_Introduction.pdf

Lecture 1 – Introduction and History of Civil Engineering Definitions Civil Engineering An engineer trained in the design and construction of public works, such as bridges, dams, and other large facilities. Architecture Art and science of designing buildings for human habitation. Beginn...

Lecture 1 – Introduction and History of Civil Engineering Definitions Civil Engineering An engineer trained in the design and construction of public works, such as bridges, dams, and other large facilities. Architecture Art and science of designing buildings for human habitation. Beginnings Architecture was born when people began to live in constructed dwellings and within communities after using caves as habitats. Building Materials Materials were chosen based on availability and climate. Greece consists almost entirely of limestone with many sources of fine marble. Therefore many Greek structures were constructed with limestone and marble. Ruins of Babylon (present day Iraq). All that remains of the famous city-state is a mound of broken mud- brick dwellings. Building Materials Materials were chosen based on availability and climate. Wood was readily available in China. Traditional Chinese wooden architecture changed little over thousands of years. View of the city of Machu Picchu constructed from stone cut from the surrounding mountains. Vernacular Architecture Methods of construction that use locally available resources and traditions to address local needs. www.wikipedia.org www.wikipedia.org African Hut at Bana, a small village of An igloo, an Inuit winter dwelling Cameroon Vernacular Architecture www.wikipedia.org www.wikipedia.org Apache wickiup built of brush, Traditional Nepalese house built grass, or reed of stone and clay Southern African rondavel (or banda) The Pyramids Bearing Wall Stepped Pyramid Great Pyramid of Khufu The Pyramids Kukulkan's Pyramid Modern Pyramids  The Parthenon post-and-lintel construction: horizontal beams placed across vertical posts. Arches The Vault Domes Pantheon Colosseum Great Wall of China Water Supply Road Systems  Early Bridge Designs www.wikipedia.org Pons Sublicius in Rome  Roman Bridges ©istockphoto.com istockphoto.com A Roman bridge crosses the Afrin River in northern Syria and is still in use today. ©istockphoto.com Roman bridge in Vaison la Romaine, south France After the Fall of Rome istockphoto.com www.wikipedia.org The first arch bridge in the world to be made out of cast iron, a material which was previously far too expensive to use for large structures  istockphoto.com Iron and Steel Perhaps the best known structural steel framed building is the Empire State Building, completed in 1931. Reinforced Concrete istockphoto.com The Burj Khalifa (United Arab Emirates) is the tallest man- made structure ever built. It is supported by a reinforced concrete core using a special concrete mix. Reinforced Concrete Bridges www.wikipedia.org Cedar Avenue Bridge (actually carrying Tenth Street) in Minneapolis, MN over the Mississippi is a reinforced concrete open spandrel arch bridge. End of Lecture. References: Microsoft, Inc. (2008). Clip art. Retrieved August 26, 2008, from http://office. microsoft.com/en-us/clipart/default.aspx Wikipedia. Retrieved January 11, 2009, from www.wikipedia.org iStockphoto. Retrieved January 11.2009, from www.istockphoto.com Williams, T. I. (2000). A history of invention. New York: Checkmark Books.