Lecture 1: Introduction to General Ethics and Ethical Values Civil Engineering Code of Ethics PDF

LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL ETHICS AND ETHICAL VALUES CIVIL ○ It is a vocation in which professed knowledge of some ENGINEERING CODE OF ETHICS THE PRACTICE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING branch of learning is used in its appl...

LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL ETHICS AND ETHICAL VALUES CIVIL ○ It is a vocation in which professed knowledge of some ENGINEERING CODE OF ETHICS THE PRACTICE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs A. Definition of Terms of others. CE Laws: The practice of civil engineering within the meaning and Key Characteristics of Modern Profession intent of this Act shall embrace services in the form of a. substantial intellectual and practical training consultation, design, preparation of plans, specifications, b. provision of a specialized skill and service estimates, erection, installation and supervision of the c. high degree of professional autonomy and responsibility construction of streets, bridges, highways, railroads, airports and d. an occupational organization controlling the profession hangars, port works, canals, river and shore improvements, e. embargoes/restrictions on methods of attracting lighthouses, and dry docks; buildings, fixed structures for business irrigation, flood protection, drainage, water supply and sewerage f. a trust relationship with the client. works; demolition of permanent structures; and tunnels. Ethics - derived from the Greek word ethos (Latin means Ethics: A set of standards by which a particular group decides to “mores”) which means “characteristic way of acting” which is regulate its behavior. It is a system of moral principles by which proper to man as a rational being. human actions and proposals may be judged as good or bad. Morality - refers to the quality of goodness or badness in a Contracts: the legal document concluded by all the parties human act. Good is described as “moral” and bad as “immoral”. involved in the work, which clarifies the rights, duties and Morals is the rules for right conduct for all individuals. It implies obligations of each party and all the legal and financial judgment and refers to what we would call moral standards and procedures followed until the completion of the works provided moral conduct. that such acts are legitimate and not contrary to the law. Therefore, it is viewed that MORALITY IS NOTHING ELSE BUT A B. Profession and Ethics DOING OF ETHICS. ETHICS is used to refer to the formal study of What is profession? those MORAL STANDS AND MORAL CONDUCT. ○ It is referred to as a free act of commitment to a way of Important Roles of Professional Code of Ethics life. The act or fact of professing – when a person a. Serving and protecting the public or society. occupies a special social role that carries with it stringent b. Guidance for the primary responsibilities. moral requirements. c. Inspiration, motivation and collective commitment. ○ It is referred to anyone who professed to be duly d. Shared standards for excellence and fair competition. qualified. e. Positive Support for responsible professionals. ○ It also means that an occupation which one professes f. Education and mutual understanding about moral (admits, agrees) to be skilled and to follow. responsibilities of professionals. Notes ni Jaimelyn at Marineil  g. Deterrence (prevention/restriction) and discipline. 7. Civil Engineers shall continue their professional development h. Contributing to the profession’s positive image. throughout their careers, and shall provide opportunities for the C. Code of Ethics professional development of those civil engineers under their Civil Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor, and dignity of supervision. the civil engineering profession by: E. Guidelines to Practice under the Fundamental Canons of Ethics 1. using the knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human Canon 1: Civil Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare and the environment; welfare of the public and shall strive to comply with the principles of 2. being honest and impartial and serving with fidelity the public, sustainable development in the performance of their duties. their employers/employees, and client; a. Civil Engineers shall recognize that the lives, safety, health and 3. striving to increase the competence and prestige of the civil welfare of the general public are dependent upon engineering engineering profession; and judgement, decision and practices incorporated into structures, 4. supporting the professional and technical societies of their machine, products, processes and devices. disciplines. b. Civil Engineers shall approve or seal only those design D. Fundamental Canons of Ethics documents. Reviewed or prepared by them which are 1. Civil Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and determined to be safe for public health and welfare in conformity welfare of the public and shall strive to comply with the principles with accepted engineering standards. of sustainable development in the performance of their duties. c. Civil Engineering whose professional judgement is overruled 2. Civil Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their under circumstances where the safety, health and welfare of the competence. public are endangered, or the principles of sustainable 3. Civil Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective development ignored, shall inform their clients or employers of and truthful manner. the possible consequences. 4. Civil Engineers shall act in professional matters for each d. Engineers who have knowledge or reason to believe that another employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, and shall avoid person or firm may be in violation of any of the provisions of conflicts of interest. Canon 1 shall present such information to the proper authority in 5. Civil Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the writing and shall cooperate with the proper authority in furnishing merit of their services and shall not compete unfairly with others. such further information or assistance as may be required. 6. Civil Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and e. Engineers should seek opportunities to be of constructive service enhance the honor, integrity, and dignity of the civil engineering in civic affairs and work for the advancement of the safety, health profession. and well-being of their communities, and the protection of the environment through the practice of sustainable development. Notes ni Jaimelyn at Marineil  f. Engineers should be committed to improving the environment by knowledge of the facts, upon a background of technical adherence to the principles of sustainable development so as to competence, and upon honest conviction. enhance the quality of life of the general public. d. Engineers shall issue no statements, criticisms, or arguments on Canon 2: Civil Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their engineering matters which are inspired or paid for by interested competence. parties, unless they indicate on whose behalf the statements are a. Engineers shall undertake to perform engineering assignments made. only when qualified by education or experience in the technical e. Engineers shall be dignified and modest in explaining their work field of engineering involved. and merit, and will avoid any act tending to promote their own b. Engineers may accept an assignment requiring education or interests at the expense of the integrity, honor and dignity of the experience outside of their own fields of competence, provided profession. their services are restricted to those phases of the project in Canon 4: Civil Engineers shall act in professional matters for each which they are qualified. All other phases of such project shall be employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts performed by qualified associates, consultants, or employees. of interest. c. Engineers shall not affix their signatures or seals to any a. Engineers shall avoid all known or potential conflicts of interest engineering plan or document dealing with subject matter in with their employers or clients and shall promptly inform their which they lack competence by virtue of education or experience employers or clients of any business association, interests, or or to any such plan or document not reviewed or prepared under circumstances which could influence their judgment or the their supervisory control. quality of their services. Canon 3: Civil Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective b. Engineers shall not accept compensation from more than one and truthful manner. party for services on the same project, or for services pertaining a. Engineers should endeavor to extend the public knowledge of to the same project, unless the circumstances are fully disclosed engineering and sustainable development, and shall not to and agreed to, by all interested parties. participate in the dissemination of untrue, unfair or exaggerated c. Engineers shall not solicit or accept gratuities, directly or statements regarding engineering. indirectly, from contractors, their agents, or other parties dealing b. Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports, with their clients or employers in connection with work for which statements, or testimony. They shall include all relevant and they are responsible. pertinent information in such reports, statements, or testimony. d. Engineers in public service as members, advisors, or employees c. Engineers, when serving as expert witnesses, shall express an of a governmental body or department shall not participate in engineering opinion only when it is founded upon adequate considerations or actions with respect to services solicited or Notes ni Jaimelyn at Marineil  provided by them or their organization in private or public f. Engineers may advertise professional services in a way that does engineering practice. not contain misleading language or is in any other manner e. Engineers shall advise their employers or clients when, as a result derogatory to the dignity of the profession. Examples of of their studies, they believe a project will not be successful. permissible advertising are as follows: f. Engineers shall not use confidential information coming to them Professional cards in recognized, dignified publications, in the course of their assignments as a means of making and listings in rosters or directories published by personal profit if such action is adverse to the interests of their responsible organizations, provided that the cards or clients, employers or the public. listings are consistent in size and content and are in a g. Engineers shall not accept professional employment outside of section of the publication regularly devoted to such their regular work or interest without the knowledge of their professional cards. employers. Brochures which factually describe experience, facilities, Canon 5: Civil Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the personnel and capacity to render service, providing they merit of their services and shall not compete unfairly with others. are not misleading with respect to the engineer's a. Engineers shall not give, solicit or receive either directly or participation in projects described. indirectly, any political contribution, gratuity, or unlawful Display advertising in recognized dignified business and consideration in order to secure work, exclusive of securing professional publications, providing it is factual and is not salaried positions through employment agencies. misleading with respect to the engineer's extent of b. Engineers should negotiate contracts for professional services participation in projects described. fairly and on the basis of demonstrated competence and A statement of the engineers' names or the name of the qualifications for the type of professional service required. firm and statement of the type of service posted on c. Engineers may request, propose or accept professional projects for which they render services. commissions on a contingent basis only under circumstances in Preparation or authorization of descriptive articles for the which their professional judgments would not be compromised. lay or technical press, which are factual and dignified. d. Engineers shall not falsify or permit misrepresentation of their Such articles shall not imply anything more than direct academic or professional qualifications or experience. participation in the project described. e. Engineers shall give proper credit for engineering work to those to Permission by engineers for their names to be used in whom credit is due, and shall recognize the proprietary interests commercial advertisements, such as may be published of others. Whenever possible, they shall name the person or by contractors, material suppliers, etc., only by means of persons who may be responsible for designs, inventions, writings a modest, dignified notation acknowledging the or other accomplishments. engineers' participation in the project described. Such Notes ni Jaimelyn at Marineil  permission shall not include public endorsement of Canon 7: Engineers shall continue their professional development proprietary products. throughout their careers, and shall provide opportunities for the g. Engineers shall not maliciously or falsely, directly or indirectly, professional development of those engineers under their supervision. injure the professional reputation, prospects, practice or a. Engineers should keep current in their specialty fields by employment of another engineer or indiscriminately criticize engaging in professional practice, participating in continuing another's work. education courses, reading in the technical literature, and h. Engineers shall not use equipment, supplies, laboratory or office attending professional meetings and seminars. facilities of their employers to carry on outside private practice b. Engineers should encourage their engineering employees to without the consent of their employers. become registered at the earliest possible date. Canon 6: Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance c. Engineers should encourage engineering employees to attend the honor, integrity, and dignity of the engineering profession and shall and present papers at professional and technical society act with zero tolerance for bribery, fraud, and corruption. meetings. a. Engineers shall not knowingly engage in business or professional d. Engineers shall uphold the principle of mutually satisfying practices of a fraudulent, dishonest or unethical nature. relationships between employers and employees with respect to b. Engineers shall be scrupulously honest in their control and terms of employment including professional grade descriptions, spending of monies, and promote effective use of resources salary ranges, and fringe benefits. through open, honest and impartial service with fidelity to the F. Professional Responsibility public, employers, associates and clients. The standard of practice is for Civil Engineers tobe given responsibility for c. Engineers shall act with zero-tolerance for bribery, fraud, and studying, conceiving, designing, observing construction, and assiting in corruption in all engineering or construction activities in which the programming for operating and maintaining engineering works. they are engaged. Other services that are unforeseen initially may be required of the Civil d. Engineers should be especially vigilant to maintain appropriate Engineer during the evolution of a project. Civil Engineers must always ethical behavior where payments of gratuities or bribes are strive to maintain the highest standard of Ethical Professional Practice in institutionalized practices. their dealing with Client employers, employees, competitors and the e. Engineers should strive for transparency in the procurement and community. execution of projects. Transparency includes disclosure of G. Client-Civil Engineer Relationship names, addresses, purposes, and fees or commissions paid for a. Obligations of the Civil Engineer all agents facilitating projects. 1. The Civil Engineer shall perform Scope of Services as f. Engineers should encourage the use of certifications specifying stated in Section 2. zero tolerance for bribery, fraud, and corruption in all contracts. Notes ni Jaimelyn at Marineil 2. The Civil Engineer shall exercise reasonable skill, care and The Civil Engineer shall not be liable for acts of diligence in the performance of his obligations. negligence, default or omission by such person or 3. The Civil Engineer shall act independently and, as persons. required by the contract, perform with the necessary 9. The Civil Engineer shall notify the client of any interest the skills and professional judgement, when required to Civil Engineer has which may significantly conflict with certify, decide or exercise discretion between the Client the interests of the client under their contract. and a third party with whom the client has a contract. b. Obligations of the Client 4. The Civil Engineer is authorized to act as the Client’s 1. The client shall pay the Civil Engineer for his services, the faithful agent when required but only as implied in amount of fees and expenses set out in or determined in SECTION 2 or implied in the contract adopted for the their Agreement. Project. 2. The Client shall provide the Civil Engineer within 5. When aware of any matters which will change or has reasonable time( that does not result in delay to the changed the scope of the services, the Civil Engineer provision of the service), all information required by the shall give written notice to the Client containing Civil Engineer in the performance of his services and a particulars of the change. decision in writing on all matters properly referred to the 6. For Specified Staged Services, the Civil Engineer shall not client in writing. initiate or proceed with any subsequent stage of the 3. The Client shall cooperate with the CE and shall not Services without the approval of the Client. interfere with or obstruct the proper performance of the 7. When required, the Civil Engineer shall direct and service. co-operate will all other professionals and integrate their 4. The client shall, as soon as practicable, make work where applicable into that being undertaken by the arrangements to enable the CE to enter the site and Civil Engineer and other professionals, but shall not be inspect facilities needed in the performance of his professionally liable for their work. service. 8. The Civil Engineer may recommend specialist suppliers 5. The client shall arrange for the provision of services from and/or contractors to design and execute certain parts other professionals or others as may be required and of works, in which case the Civil Engineer shall bear all costs. co-ordinate the design of such part or parts with the 6. When the CE is required to administer the work of other overall design of the works but he shall be relieved of all professionals or other third parties who are directly responsibility for the design, manufacture, installation, contracted by the client or when the CE is required to act and performance of any such part or parts of the works. as Engineer-to-the Contract fir any contract on behalf of Notes ni Jaimelyn at Marineil  the client then all instructions by he client shall be given though the CE. 7. When aware of any matter which will change or has changed the scope of the CE’s services, the client shall notify in writing within 7 days the CE containing, as far as is practicable, the particulars of the change. c. Liability of the Civil Engineer and the Client 1. The CE shall only be liable to pay damages to the client arising out of or in connection with their agreement if a breach of duty of care is established against the CE. 2. The Client shall only be liable to pay damages to CE if the breach of the client’s duty to the CE is established H. Specialization in Civil Engineering against the client. Structural Engineering 3. Resolution of any conflict arising from the agreement Geotechnical Engineering between the CE and client shall be done by giving Water Resource Engineering preference to the process of arbitration. Transportation Engineering d. Suspension or Termination of Services Construction Management And Engineering 1. The Client may suspend all or part of the service or Environmental Engineering terminate the agreement by written notice of not less than 30 days to the CE who shall immediately make arrangements to stop the services and minimize futher expenditures. 2. The CE by written notice of not less than 30 days may terminate the agreement or at his and or her discretion without prejudice to the right to terminate, suspend the performance of the whole or part of the service. Notes ni Jaimelyn at Marineil LECTURE 2: CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING SERVICES 1. Buildings 2. Fixed structures for irrigation, flood protection, drainage, water supply 2.1 GENERAL and sewerage works The needs for professional civil engineering services vary, and the civil 3. Tunnels engineering firms that meet these needs vary in organizational structure, size, and capability. Many civil engineering firms provide Comprehensive services to 2.2 CONSULTATIONS, RESEARCH, INVESTIGATIONS AND REPORTS the client, while other firms specialize in areas of engineering, such as 1. PRELIMINARY AND FEASIBILITY INVESTIGATIONS AND REPORTS geotechnical or structural, and transportation, water and construction - These services usually precede the authorization of a capital project and management, and provide their services to a prime engineer, architect, or owner. may involve extensive investigations, analyses of conditions, and Few civil engineering firms are qualified to provide complete service for all comparison of several possible plans. These studies may include the projects, and the use of associate professionals to provide specialized services is impact of a project upon the environment, sustainable development, common. operating costs, life-cycle costs, financing considerations, and expected revenues as bases for conclusions and recommendations regarding the Services provided by Civil Engineers can be grouped into five broad categories: advisability of undertaking a project. 1. Consultations, research, investigations, and reports. 2. PLANNING STUDIES 2. Design services for construction projects - These services may include the broad areas of developing the 3. Construction services engineering of master plans for long-range capital improvement 4. Special services for construction projects programs: preparation of preliminary engineering of land development 5. Engineering support services plans, urban plans, and regional plans; and the investigation of 6. Academic services environmental conditions and preparation of environmental impact 7. Services as Employee studies with subsequent engineering planning to improve or maintain existing conditions. Such planning often requires coordination of the work The types of infrastructure under the domain of civil engineering, pursuant to of many engineering and other disciplines. RA 544, as amended, include: 3. APPRAISALS, VALUATIONS AND RATE STUDIES 1. Streets, bridges, highways and railroads - These services may include investigations and analyses of existing 2. Airports and hangars conditions; capital and operating costs; overhead costs and costs of 3. Portworks, canals, river and shore improvements, light houses and dry financing; and revenues as needed to evaluate a property or to docks recommend establishment of prospective rates. The coverage of civil engineering has not been changed nor diminished by 4. ASSISTANCE IN FINANCIAL MATTERS subsequent laws. Notes ni Jaimelyn at Marineil - The Civil Engineer may be engaged by a client who is planning to issue - These services can vary to suit special needs of the client and can bonds, particularly revenue bonds, to finance a capital project. The scope include such diverse activities as: of services may include an evaluation of capabilities of existing or a. Value Engineering proposed facilities to meet present and projected future needs, b. Appraisal and Valuation statements of probable construction costs, and an estimate of annual a. Load Testing revenue requirements, with a determination of appropriate rates to b. Environmental Evaluations provide this income. c. Materials Process Design 5. MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND EQUIPMENT TEST d. Traffic Engineering - These services include tests of materials and equipment under e. Forensic Engineering for structural and other failures established codes and standards, specialized examination of equipment f. Operational assistance and materials used in construction and industry, and other inspections g. Pilot Studies and monitoring required by a client. h. Computer modeling 6. DIRECT PERSONAL SERVICES i. Safety engineering - This includes services such as assistance in preparation for legal j. Toxic and hazardous waste evaluation proceedings. Appearances before courts or commissions to render k. Topographic, sounding and boundary survey engineering expert opinions and conclusions, and investigations of technical matters l. Permit and application services where specialized civil engineering knowledge, experience, and judgment m. Sales and marketing services is required. n. Expert Witness 7. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT o. Representation of municipal or private entities in projects - Research is a specialized investigation and gathering of data from proposed for privatization existing resources or through laboratory works and processes related to the purpose and object of the research. Research and development may cover the following: 2.3 DESIGN SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS a. Development of new construction materials and methods from concept to commercialization. The six standard phases of a construction project and the engineering services b. Improvement of construction materials and methods through needed for each are: exhaustive studies to reduce total construction cost and at the 1. Study and Report Phase. same time improve quality. a. Analysis of the clients needs. conceptual design conceptual opinion of 8. SPECIAL SERVICES probable construction cost. Notes ni Jaimelyn at Marineil b. This phase involves determination of project scope and economic and 3. Preparing preliminary design documents consisting of final technical evaluation of feasible alternatives. design criteria, preliminary drawings, outline specifications, and c. The Services Performed During This Phase May Include: written descriptions of the project. i. Reviewing available data and consulting with the client to clarify 4. Preparing revised estimates of probable total project costs. and define the client requirements for the project. 5. Providing periodic status reports. ii. Advising the client as to the necessity of providing or obtaining 3. Final Design Phase. from others additional data or services and assisting the client in This phase of project development is usually undertaken only after the obtaining such data and services. client has approved the preliminary design phase material. The basic iii. Identifying and analyzing requirements of governmental services for the final design phase may include: authorities having jurisdiction to approve the design of the 1. Preparing construction drawings and specifications showing the project and participating in consultation with such authorities. character and extent of the project based on the accepted iv. Providing analyses of the clients needs, planning surveys, preliminary design documents. comparative evaluations of prospective sites and solutions 2. Preparing and furnishing to the client a revised estimate of v. Providing a general economic analysis of the client’s probable total project costs based on the final drawings and requirements applicable to various alternatives specifications. vi. Preparing a report and presenting alternative solutions available 3. Furnishing the necessary engineering data and assisting in the to the client with the Civil Engineer’s findings and application for regulatory permits from local, or national recommendations. authorities. 2. Preliminary Design Phase. 4. Preparing basic documents related to construction contracts for This phase involves the establishment of the general size and scope of review and approval by the client (and the client's legal and the project and its location on the selected site. The preliminary design other advisors). services may include: 5. Furnishing to the client specified a number of copies of drawings, 1. Consulting with the client, reviewing preliminary reports, clarifying specifications and other contract documents. and defining the project requirements, reviewing available data, 6. Providing final design and construction services for design- build and discussing general scheduling. contracts. 2. Advising the client as to whether additional data or services of 7. Providing periodic status reports. the type described under the study and report phase above are 4. Bidding or Negotiation Phase. required and assisting the client in obtaining such data and 1. Assisting the client in advertising for and obtaining bids or services. negotiating proposals for each separate prime construction contract, maintaining a record of prospective bidders to whom Notes ni Jaimelyn at Marineil  bidding documents have been issued, attending pre-bid 4. Providing services during construction by a full-time resident conferences, and receiving and processing deposits for bidding project representative, and by supporting staff as required, to documents. enable construction to be accomplished in conformance to the 2. Issuing addenda as appropriate to interpret, clarify, expand or construction drawings, specifications, and other contract amend the bidding documents. documents. 3. Assisting the client in determining the qualifications and 5. Issuing instructions from the client to the contractors, issuing acceptability of prospective contractors, subcontractors and necessary interpretations and documents, inspections, materials suppliers. clarifications of contract special making, preparing change 4. Consulting with and advising the client as to the acceptability of orders, requiring and testing of the work, and recommendations alternative materials and equipment proposed by the as to acceptability of the work. prospective constructors when substitution prior to the award of 6. Making recommendations to the client on corrective actions or contracts is allowed by the bidding documents. contractual measures that may be exercised by the owner. 5. Attending the bid opening, preparing bid tabulation sheets and 7. Preparing sketches required to resolve problems due to actual providing assistance to the client in evaluating bids or proposals field conditions encountered. and in assembling and awarding contracts for construction, 8. Determining amounts of progress payments due, based on materials, equipment and services. degree of completion of the work, and recommending issuance 5. Construction Phase. of such payments by the client. Services under this phase involve consulting with and advising the client 9. Observing and assisting performance tests and initial operation during construction and are usually those associated with service as the of the project. client's representative. Most Civil Engineers are not willing to assume the 10. Preparing record drawings from information submitted by the responsibilities associated with construction phase services without contractor. providing resident project representative services at the site. 11. Making a final inspection and reporting on completion of the 1. Reviewing, for compliance with design concepts, shop and project, including recommendations concerning final payments erection drawings submitted by the constructors. to contractors and release of retained percentages. 2. Reviewing laboratory, shop, and mill test reports on materials 6. Operation Phase. and equipment. At the completion of construction, the Civil Engineer may as a basic 3. Visiting the project site at appropriate intervals construction service, assist in the start-up of project operations. The Civil Engineer proceeds to observe and report on the progress and the quality may be commissioned to prepare a manual for both operation and of the executed work. maintenance requirements, and may also provide assistance in adjusting and balancing equipment, identifying deficiencies and Notes ni Jaimelyn at Marineil  assisting in obtaining corrections, and performing inspection prior to the engineering data, and acquisition of properly may involve professional end of the project warranty period. The Civil Engineer may assist in specialists in engineering and other fields operator training, setting up job classifications and salaries, organizing the purchase of supplies, developing charts for recording operational Special services that may be provided by the Civil engineer or negotiated with data, and observing and reporting on project operations. other firms or sub-consultants by the Civil Engineer acting on behalf of the client could include: 2.4 Construction Services 1. Geotechnical Engineering 1. engage in construction contracting after being licensed as a contractor - including test borings, sampling and analysis, and recommendations by the Contractors Accreditation Board. It is considered unethical for a 2. Special studies, tests, and process determinations to establish design civil engineer to allow his/her license to be used by any other criteria or demonstrate compliance. construction company except his own. 3. Land surveys establishment of boundaries and monuments, preparation 2. provide the services of a supporting technical employee as required of a of easement descriptions, and related computations and drawings. construction company. He/She shall however, be paid the professional 4. Engineering and topographic surveys for design and construction. fees, in addition to his regular salary, for any design work he performs for 5. Mill, shop or laboratory inspections of the materials and equipment. which he/she signs as professional Civil Engineer and/or engineer on 6. Additional copies of reports, construction drawings, specifications, and record, other documents as required for bidding and construction beyond the 3. be employed as a construction engineer, resident Civil Engineer, project number specified in the Basic Services agreement engineer, quality control engineer, cost engineer or engineer inspector in 7. Extra travel and subsistence as defined by the agreement for engineering a project. In accordance with Section 23 of RA 544, only registered Civil services. Engineers can take carge or supervise construction or alteration of any 8. Value Engineering building or structure and any other civil engineering works mentioned in - including review of the work of other engineers, either within the same Section 2 of the mentioned Republic Act. The Civil Engineer when organization or in other firms to determine whether a proposed solution is employed is similarly required to comply with the code of ethics of the optimum and, if not, to suggest a better approach for meeting the profession as the consulting Civil Engineer. project’s functional and financial criteria. 9. Redesign to reflect changes requested by the client or necessitated by 2.5 Special Services for Construction Projects the client’s acceptance of substitutions proposed by the contractor. Special Services required during the study, design, construction and operation 10. Assistance to the client as an expert witness in litigation in connection phases of a construction project may include investigations, reports, and with the project or in hearings before approving and regulatory agencies. activities beyond the scope of the basic services. The research, compilation of 11. Final investigations involve detailed consideration of operation maintenance, and overhead expenses; preparation of final rate Notes ni Jaimelyn at Marineil  schedules, and earning and expenses statements; appraisals, valuations, data gathering activities for specialized purposes. Although people who and material audits or inventories required for certification of force are not Civil Engineers sometimes accomplish some of these tasks, the account construction performed by the client or for extra work done by procurement of adequate and correct data usually requires professional the contractor. Civil Engineering judgment and guidance. Since soundness of any 12. Preparation of detailed applications and supporting documents grants engineering decision is dependent upon the accuracy and suitability of or advances for public works projects. data obtained in field and laboratory investigations. These supporting 13. Plotting, computing, and filing of subdivision plans, staking of lots, and services must be under the guidance of the Civil engineer whose other land planning and partitioning activities. decisions will be based upon those data. 14. Preparation of environmental assessment and impact statements and other assistance to the client in connection with public hearings. 2.7. ACADEMIC SERVICES 15. Additional studies and design efforts to meet special conditions These services involve full or part-time teaching or training of prospective encountered during construction. professionals and also the upgrading of knowledge and skills of fellow 16. Assistance to the client in the selection and engagement of architects, professionals. Academic services may include: other engineers, contractors and subcontractors, and observation and a. Teaching of civil engineering courses in engineering colleges/universities approval of their services r work; contacts with governmental agencies to on part /full time basis. As per RA 8981, all subjects for licensure obtain permits and documents; and other services related to project examinations shall be taught by persons who are holders of valid development certificates of registration/professional licenses and professional 17. Assessment of a completed project’s ability to meet its design intent identification cards, or special temporary permits, or a valid certificate of relative to capacity, maintainability, operability, or reliability. competency for the profession issued by the Commission, and who 18. Computer simulation and modeling. comply with the other requirements of the CHED. - What is the Republic Act 8981? 2.6 ENGINEERING SUPPORT SERVICES 8981, also known as the "PRC Modernization Act of 2000." The The professional services described above often require State recognizes the important role of professionals in engineering support services. Geotechnical engineering, for example, nation-building and aims to promote the development of frequently requires services such as taking soil and rock borings, competent professionals through honest and credible licensure excavating test pits, sampling and identifying soil and earth materials, examinations. field and laboratory tests and geophysical measurements and observations. b. Lecturing in civil engineering courses designed by the Philippine Institute The engineering support services in general civil engineering of Civil Engineers for practicing engineers who want to obtain CPD practice may involve drafting, land and construction surveying, and other Credits. Notes ni Jaimelyn at Marineil  Continuing professional development (CPD) is the process of Practice, such pertinent laws and regulations shall take precedence and shall keeping your skills and knowledge up to date. It's important to do this govern. throughout your career, whether you're just starting out or you've been working in your field for many years. c. Conducting tutorials/refresher courses on civil engineering concepts and related subjects. d. Serving as a Resource Speaker in Technical Session e. Writing technical articles and pamphlets. 2.8 SERVICES AS EMPLOYEE This is a condition when a Civil Engineer engages to perform work or fulfill duties regularly for wages or salary being paid by an employer. A civil Engineer may be employed for any position or function in any commercial or institutional organization. Where he is performing civil engineering functions, he is required to follow the code of ethics for Civil Engineers and comply with the standards and guidelines of this manual. A licensed civil engineer may not allow his licensed to be used by the company that employs him without the proper agreement for his professional services. A civil Engineer in part time employment with a firm is considered to be an employee and at the same time a consultant of the firm. Any Civil Engineer employed as an individual consultant of any firm, whether the firm is performing engineering, commercial, administrative, management or financial services is required to simply with the requirements and the standards herein established for a consulting Civil Engineering firm or consulting Civil Engineer. All Government Civil Engineers employed by the instrumentalities of the Government e.g national and local, shall be governed by pertinent existing laws and regularities and particularly to those prescribed by the Civil Service Commission. In case of any conflict with any of the provisions of this Manual of Notes ni Jaimelyn at Marineil