REVIEWER_CE_LAW.docx

**CE Laws, Ethics, and Contracts** - A professional course deals on the principles and fundamentals of the laws on obligations, contracts, and professional ethics that are applicable to the civil engineering profession. **Ethics** - Ethics, also called [moral philosophy], is the [...

**CE Laws, Ethics, and Contracts** - A professional course deals on the principles and fundamentals of the laws on obligations, contracts, and professional ethics that are applicable to the civil engineering profession. **Ethics** - Ethics, also called [moral philosophy], is the [study] of [moral phenomena.] - main branches of philosophy - [investigates the nature of morality] and the principles that govern the moral evaluation of conduct, character traits, and institutions. - [It examines what obligation people] have, what behavior is right and wrong, and how to lead a good life - It is defined as the [rules and standards governing] the [conduct of engineers] in their roles as professionals - It is the [quality of goodness or badness] in a human act. - [individual guiding principles] that distinguish between [right and wrong] and are influenced by society, experiences, and personal beliefs. **Virtue Ethics** - The virtue ethical theory [judges a person by his/her character] [rather than by an action] that may deviate from his/her normal behavior. **Utilitarianism** - Utilitarianism is a tradition of ethical philosophy that is associated with ***Jeremy Bentham*** (1747-1832) and ***John Stuart Mill***(1806-1873), two British philosophers, economists, and political thinkers. - Utilitarianism promotes \"[the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people].\" **Duty Ethic** - [Deontology] is an ethical theory that [uses rules] to distinguish [right from wrong]. Deontology is often associated with philosopher [Immanuel Kant]. - It is often associated with ***[John Locke]*** (1632-1704) - It is the responsibility of others to [respect people\'s fundamental rights], which include life, liberty, and property. - [Rights] are considered to be [ethically correct] and valid since a [large population endorses them]. - A code of ethics is a [guiding set of principles] intended to instruct professionals to act in a way that [aligns with the organization\'s values] and benefits all stakeholders. - It is the responsibility of technologists and engineers to [prioritize public health and safety]. **Civil Engineering Code of Ethics in the Philippines Fundamental Principles** Civil engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor and dignity of the civil engineering profession by: using their [knowledge] and [skill] for the [enhancement of human welfare and the environment;] [ being honest and impartial] and serving with fidelity the public, their employers/employees and clients; striving to [increase the competence and prestige] of the civil engineering profession; and supporting the professional and technical societies of their disciplines **Civil Engineering Code of Ethics in the Philippines Ethical Obligations towards the Society** - The impact of civil engineers on society is significant. The code places a strong emphasis on the engineer\'s duty to [put the public\'s safety, health, and welfare first in all of their professional activities]. **Ethical Obligations towards the Employers and Clients** - The [foundation] of any [professional relationship] is [trust and integrity]. The code describes the ethical obligations that civil engineers have to their clients and employers. - **Honesty**: Providing [honest and unbiased advice]. - **Confidentiality:** [Respecting and protecting] the confidentiality of information. - **Conflict of Interest**: [Avoiding conflicts of interest] and disclosing them when they **Ethical Obligations towards the Profession** - The code also covers an engineer\'s obligation to uphold professional standards. - **Professional Development**: Engaging in lifelong learning and professional development. - **Mentorship**: Guiding and mentoring young engineers. - **Professional Conduct**: Upholding the reputation and integrity of the profession **Fundamental Canons** ***REPORTING*** **Professional Responsibility** - Conduct them selves in highly professional manner and faithfully - Bound by the canon laws - Sustainable development is the top priority - Highest standard of Professional practice should be maintained **Client Civil Engineering Relationship** - Obligations of the Civil Engineer - Obligations of the client - Liability of Civil Engineer and the client - Limitation or Civil engineer's responsibility - Damages - Suspension or Termination of Services - Settlement of disputes - Ownership of Data, Design and document **Civil Engineering Services** - Design, consultations and advice - Feasibility studies - Field investigations and engineering data collection - Environmental assessments, impact statement or engineering reports - Construction administration and observation - Arrangement for or performance of testing of materials and equipment - Value Engineering - Teaching **Specialization of Civil Engineer** - Structural engineer - Construction engineering and management - Geotechnical engineering - Transportation Engineering - Water Resources Engineering **Selection of a Civil Engineer** 1. Qualification -- Formal education, certifications 2. Experience -- record of successful project 3. Reputation -- Industry standing and recognition 4. Client service -- meeting client expectation **Prime Professional Practices** - It refers to the engagement of engineering services through direct and indirect modes. **Direct** -- works directly with client **Indirect** -- work as sub- consultant **Employment** - Involves a wide variety of roles that utilize civil engineer's skills in creating and maintaining essential infrastructure **CIVIL ENGINEERS FIND WORK IN VARIOUS SECTORS:** **Consulting firms** - project design, planning, management **Government agencies** - work in public infrastructures, ensuring safety standards and regulation are followed **Construction Firms** - They manage building process **Educational Institutions** - Civil eng. teach and conduct research to advance engineering practices **Manufacturing/commercial firms** - Design industrial facilities - Is a process through which civil engineer is selected above other competitors based on proposal or an innovative approach to solving client's need - Refers to arrangement where engineers are hired or paid based on the outcome of their work 1. **Contract worker** -- hired for specific project with defined timelines 2. **Consultants** -- are those experts which brought in for specialized knowledge on particular aspects of project 3. **Temporary staff** -- fill a position for a short period of time **PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE OF FOREIGN CIVIL ENGINEERS** RA 8981 allows foreign engineers to practice in the Philippines