Dental Anatomy Midterm Review PDF

Dental Anatomy Session Number One Nomenclature and Morphology COLLEGEOFDENTALMEDICINE COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE • Primary/Deciduous • Transitional/Mixed • Permanent/Succedaneous COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Consisting of two distinct dentitions: • Primary/Deciduous/baby/milk teeth • Secondary/...

Dental Anatomy Session Number One Nomenclature and Morphology COLLEGEOFDENTALMEDICINE COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE • Primary/Deciduous • Transitional/Mixed • Permanent/Succedaneous COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Consisting of two distinct dentitions: • Primary/Deciduous/baby/milk teeth • Secondary/Succedaneous/permanent/adult teeth Overview: formation of the primary dentition begins in utero and is completed at around 3 yrs of age. The first teeth in this dentition begin to erupt at around 6 mos of age and the last emerges around 28 mos. This dentition stays until the child is around 6 years of age when exfoliation begins. Around this time, the permanent dentition begins to erupt and the child enters a stage of mixed dentition or the transitional phase, where both primary and secondary teeth are present. This phase ends with the loss of the last baby tooth beginning the permanent dentition, which is completed around 14-15 years of age excluding third molars, which are completed from 18-25 years. Clinical pearl: The early mixed dentition phase (6-9 yo) is a time to recognize and intercept localized factors to prevent severe malocclusions later on! COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Primary/Deciduous/Milk teeth • Begins forming at about 14 weeks in utero. • Continues forming until about 3 years of age. • First teeth erupt at about 6 months. • Last primary erupts about 28 months. • Transition to mixed dentition at about 6 years with the eruption of the first permanent molars. • All deciduous teeth are lost. • 10 teeth/arch = 20 total. COLLEGEOFDENTALMEDICINE COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Mixed/Transitional Dentitition • Consisting of both primary and permanent teeth • Begins with the eruption of the first permanent teeth (incisors usually) • Ends with the exfoliation of the last primary tooth usually around age 12. • Usually around 6 years in duration. COLLEGEOFDENTALMEDICINE Shutterstock COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Secondary/Succedaneous/Permanent Dentition Shutterstock • Begins around age 6 and lasts until 14 – 15 (except for 3rds which are completed at 1825 y) • Replace all primary teeth • Permanent premolars replace primary molar. There are no primary premolars. • Ends with eruption of second permanent molars and canines • 16 teeth/arch = 32 total COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Maxillary arch To begin, we need to identify which arch we are referencing. We refer to any tooth in the maxillary or upper arch as a maxillary tooth and any tooth in the lower arch as a mandibular tooth. Shutterstock Mandibular arch COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Just as we use directions to orient in the world, we use directional terms in the mouth. Each arch is divided by the median line, thus dividing the mouth into quadrants. Shutterstock Mesial: refers to those surfaces facing toward the median line. Distal: nearer the posterior of the mouth Facial/Labial/Buccal: Facing the cheeks, lips, face Lingual:facing the tongue Palatal: facing the palate COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE • Facial/labial/buccal Surface of a tooth resting against or next to the cheeks or lips; facial is used for any tooth. Labial for anterior and buccal for posterior. Proximal surface- the surface of a tooth touching another tooth or facing a space. • Mesial –toward the midline • Distal-away from the midline Working portion of tooth that contacts opposing teeth • Occlusal • Incisal Surface of a posterior tooth used for chewing Surface of an anterior tooth used for cutting ("edge" or "ridge") Lingual Surface of a maxillary or mandibular tooth closest to the tongue Palatal Surface of a maxillary tooth closest to the palate COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Provide a quick way to accurately reference an individual tooth in communications to labs, specialists, other practitioners, etc. There are many numbering systems. We will discuss three commonly used systems: • Universal • Palmer Shutterstock • FDI COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Atooth can be described by • Position of the tooth: e.g. Left maxillary first molar • Assigned number or letter: e.g. tooth #14 (universal system) shutterstock COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Permanent teeth- numbering begins with upper right third molar and progresses to upper left third molar 1-16, then resumes from lower left to lower right 17-32. Primary teeth-uppercase letters starting with upper right second molar A-J then K-T for the lower, beginning with the lower left. Shutterstock COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Adopted by WHO. Teeth are given both a quadrant and a tooth number. Quadrant numbers come first and proceed in clockwise order starting from the midline of the UR. Teeth numbers are the second number and start at the midline and progress posteriorly Permanent Teeth Upper Right Upper Left 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Lower Right Lower Left Primary Teeth Upper Right Upper Left 55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65 85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75 Lower Right Lower Left COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE ThePalmer NumberingSystem The symbolic system in which the arches are divided 87654321 12345678 into quadrants, with each tooth type in the quadrant being assigned the same numeric symbol. 87654321 12345678 The upper right six year molar would be notated as: 6 And a lower left canine would be notated as: 3 EDCBAABCDE EDCBAABCDE COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Aformula for describing all mammalian teeth where the denomination of each tooth is represented by the initial letter in its name and followed by the number of teeth in the upper quadrant/lower quadrant. These are the formulae for the human dentition. I 2/2 C 1/1 M 2/2= 10 Primary Dentition Primary dentition lacks premolars I – incisor C- canine P- premolar M-molar I 2/2 C 1/1 P 2/2 M 3/3= 16 Permanent Dentition Permanent premolars replace primary molars COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Life Tip: Know how to name each tooth with all the systems and use the nomenclature interchangeably! COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE TheDentitionCanbeDescribedbysetsofTraits • Set traits or Dentition traits: distinguish primary from permanent dentitions • Arch Traits: distinguish maxillary from mandibular teeth • ClassTraits: Class traits distinguish the 4 categories of teeth—incisors, canines, premolars, molars into their functional classes. • Type Traits: distinguish teeth within a class- eg a lateral from a central incisor. COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Life Tip: Know examples of each trait! COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Anterior Incisors • Central • Lateral Canines Posterior Premolars (permanent teeth only) • 1st premolar • 2nd premolar Molars • 1st molars • 2nd molars • 3rd molars/wisdom teeth COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE