Primary Dentition Part 2 - PDF

Tooth Morphology – Primary Dentition (Primary Dentition-Part 2) Oral and Dental Sciences Intended Learning Outcomes Revise the terminology used in naming the landmarks of the teeth. Record the notation and chronology of the primary dentition Identify the locations/anatomy of the various to...

Tooth Morphology – Primary Dentition (Primary Dentition-Part 2) Oral and Dental Sciences Intended Learning Outcomes Revise the terminology used in naming the landmarks of the teeth. Record the notation and chronology of the primary dentition Identify the locations/anatomy of the various tooth surfaces. Discuss and reflect on how you would use this knowledge within the clinical setting Explain the variations between the comparable primary and permanent teeth GDC Learning Outcomes 2013: 1.1.5 Describe relevant and appropriate dental, oral, craniofacial and general anatomy and explain their application to patient management 2023: C 1.5 Identify relevant and appropriate dental, oral, craniofacial, and general anatomy (recognising the diversity of anatomy across the patient population) and explain their relevance to patient management Upper Central Incisors (51;61) Chronology Initial calcification 3-4 months in utero Crown completion 4 months Eruption 7.5 months Root completion 1 ½ years Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Upper Central Incisors (51;61) Labial view Labially the crown is similar to the permanent central incisor BUT square rather than rectangular Click to add text d m Shorter crown length and more bulbous Mesial incisal angle sharp Distal Mesial Distal incisal angle rounded incisal incisal Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk angle angle Upper Central Incisors Palatal view Palatally the crown is concave Pronounced mesial & distal marginal ridges m d Large cingulum Cingulum Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Upper Central Incisors Mesial view Mesially or distally the crown looks bulky cervically Cervical undulation Single root, one half of which at b p least inclines labially to allow room for eruption of permanent incisor One root canal, 2 pulp horns, mesially & distally Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Comparison of 11 and 51 – Labial and Palatal Views Image ref: http://www.leeds.a 11 Labial 51 Labial 11 Palatal 51 Palatal c.uk  Upper Lateral Incisors (52;62) Chronology Initial calcification 4 ½ months in utero Crown completion 5 months Eruption 8-9 months Root completion 1½-2 years Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk  Upper Lateral Incisors (52;62) Labial view Labially crown is less square than central incisor Mesial incisal angle sharp d m Distal incisal angle rounded Distal Mesial incisal incisal angle angle Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk  Palatal view Upper Lateral Incisor Palatally concave Well defined marginal ridges m d Definite cingulum, but less pronounced than that of central incisor Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Marginal ridges Upper Lateral Incisor Mesial view Laterally the crown appears bulky Cervical undulation Single root One root canal, 2 pulp horns, mesially & distally Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Comparison of 12 and 52 – Labial and Palatal Views Image 12 Labial 52 Labial 12 Palatal 52 Palatal ref: http://www.leeds.ac. uk Upper Canine (53;63) Chronology Initial calcification 5 months in utero Crown completion 9 months Eruption 16-20 months Root completion Approx. 3 years Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk  Labial view Upper Canine (53;63) Crown is almost symmetrical Labially an enamel ridge runs from crown tip to cervical margin d m This creates mesial & distal Distal Mesial depressions (fossae) on either side of the ridge fossa fossa Distal surface slightly more rounded Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Enamel ridge Upper Canine Palatal view Mesial & distal marginal ridges Pronounced cingulum Enamel ridge from cusp tip to m d cingulum producing mesial & distal fossae Cingulum Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Upper Canine Bulky crown when viewed mesially or distally Cervical undulation b p One root One root canal, no pulp horns Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Mesial view  Primary canine (53;upper right) Labial Palatal Mesial Distal Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Upper First Molar (54;64) Chronology Initial calcification 5 months in utero Crown completion 6 months Eruption 12-16 months Root completion 2-2 ½ years Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Upper First Molar (54;64) Buccal view Buccally has 2 cusps: Disto Mesio 1. Large mesio-buccal(mb) buccal buccal root root 2. Small disto-buccal (db) d m 2 buccal roots as in upper permanent molars: 1. Mesio-buccal 2. Disto-buccal mb db Central developmental groove Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Upper First Molar Palatal view 2 palatal cusps: 1. Large mesio-palatal (mp) Palatal 2. Small disto-palatal (dp) root Single palatal root as in upper m d permanent molars mp dp Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk  Upper First Molar Mesial view Distal view From mesial aspect there is a large bulge of enamel cervically over the mesio-buccal root called the tubercle of Zuckerkandl (Z) Z 3 root canals and 4 pulp horns (one per cusp) Z Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Primary first molar (54;upper right) Image Buccal Palatal Mesial Distal ref: http://www. leeds.ac.uk Upper Second Molar (55;65) Chronology Initial calcification 6 months in utero Crown completion 10-12 months Eruption 1 ¾ -2 ½ years Root completion 3 years Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Upper Second Molar (55;65) Buccal view Like maxillary permanent first molar 4 cusps: 1. Mesio-buccal 2. Disto-buccal d m 3. Mesio-palatal 4. Disto-palatal May be a palatal cusp of Carabelli mb db 2 buccal roots – mesio-buccal & disto-buccal mp dp Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Upper Second Molar Palatal view Oblique ridge between disto-buccal & mesio-palatal cusps Mesio-palatal cusp the largest Disto-palatal cusp the smallest m d Disto-palatal groove One palatal root Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Upper Second Molar Mesial view Distal view 3 root canals 4 pulp horns Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Primary second molar (55;upper right) Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Buccal Palatal Mesial Distal Comparison of 54 and 55 – Buccal and Palatal Views Image ref: http://www. 54 Buccal 55 Buccal 54 Palatal 55 Palatal leeds.ac.uk Lower Central Incisor (71;81) Chronology Initial calcification 4 ½ months in utero Crown completion 4 months Eruption 6 ½ months Root completion 1 ½-2 years Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Lower Central Incisor (71;81) Almost symmetrical when viewed labially d m Sharp mesial incisal angle Rounded distal incisal angle Single root, one root canal Mesial and distal pulp horns Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Labial view Lower Central Incisor Lingually there is a large cingulum Quite reduced mesial and distal m d marginal ridges Cervical undulation mesially and distally Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Lingual view Lower Lateral Incisor (72;82) Chronology Initial calcification 4 ½ months in utero Crown completion 4 ½ months Eruption 7 months Root completion 1 ½-2 years Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Lower Lateral Incisor (72;82) Labially the crown is fan-shaped with a long mesial side and a shorter distal side The mesio-incisal angle is sharp d m The disto-incisal angle rounded Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Labial view Lower Lateral Incisor Lingually there is a large cingulum Mesial and distal marginal ridges m d One root, similar to that of the deciduous central incisor One root canal and one mesial and one distal pulp horn Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Lingual view Lower Lateral Incisor Mesially or distally the crown appears wedge-shaped and quite bulbous around the cervical Cingulum region The cervical region is undulated b l Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Mesial view Comparison of 81 and 82 labially 81 82 Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Lower Canine (73;83) Chronology Initial calcification 5 months in utero Crown completion 9 months Eruption 16-20 months Root completion 2 ½ -3 years Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Lower Canine (73;83) Labially the crown is convex The mesial is shorter than the distal incisal slope d m One root, roughly triangular in cross-section which curves distally and labially One root canal and no pulp horns Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Labial view  Enamel Lower Canine ridge Lingually the crown is concave Cingulum Mesial and distal marginal ridges m d A poorly-defined ridge of enamel from the tip of the cusp to the cingulum, producing a mesial and distal fossa Distal surface more rounded Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Lingual view  Lower Canine Cervical undulation on mesial & distal surfaces Note the root curved labially l b Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Distal view  Lower First Molar (74;84) Chronology Initial calcification 5 months in utero Crown completion 6 months Eruption 12-16 months Root completion 2-2 ½ years Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Lower First Molar (74;84) From the buccal aspect there are two cusps, mesio-buccal and disto-buccal On the mesio-buccal cusp, in the cervical region, is a protuberance of enamel known as the tubercle of Zuckerkandl (tZ), as in the upper primary first molar Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Lower First Molar Lingually two cusps, 1. a large mesio-lingual 2. a small disto-lingual Occlusally a ridge of enamel joins the mesio-lingual and mesio-buccal cusps This is the bucco-lingual crest and forms a small mesial and large distal fossa Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk  Lower First Molar Buccal cusps lean lingually Two divergent roots, one mesial and one distal b l Both are flattened mesio- distally Two root canals and three pulp horns, one lingual, one mesio- buccal and one disto-buccal Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Lower Second Molar (75;85) Looks similar to mandibular permanent first molar Buccally there are three cusps: 1. Mesio-buccal 2. Disto-buccal 3. Distal Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk  Lower First Molar (74;84) Chronology Initial calcification 6 months in utero Crown completion 10-12 months Eruption 1 ¾ -2 ½ years Root completion 3 years Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Lower First Molar (74;84) From the buccal aspect there are two cusps, mesio-buccal and disto-buccal On the mesio-buccal cusp, in the cervical region, is a protuberance of enamel known as the tubercle of Zuckerkandl (tZ), as in the upper primary first molar Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Lower Second Molar Two large lingual cusps, mesio- lingual and disto-lingual 2 divergent roots, mesial and distal Roots flattened mesio-distally 2 root canals and 4 pulp horns, one per cusp Image ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk Lower Second Molar Viewed from mesial or distal, the buccal cusps lean lingually Comparison of 84,85 Buccally and Lingually Image 84 Buccal 85 Buccal 84 Lingual 85 Lingual ref: http://www.leeds.ac.uk